Unit 4 The art of having fun语法精讲精练 祈使句的结构和用法 一、祈使句的结构及用法 祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等，主语通常被省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。 （一）肯定的祈使句 1. 句型：以动词原形开头（省略主语）。 - Come in! 进来！ - Be quiet! 安静！ - Do your homework! 做你的作业吧！ 2. 有时为了加强语气，可以在动词之前加上do，表示“务必，一定”。 - Do come on time! 一定要准时来！ （二）否定的祈使句型 1. Don't + 动词原形 - Don't be late. 不要迟到。 2. let + sb + not + 动原. - Let's not speak loudly. 我们不要大声说话。 二、祈使句中需要注意的一些情况 （一）委婉语气 有时为了表示委婉的语气，可在句首或句尾加上please，但please加在句尾时，前面要用逗号隔开。 - Please sit down. 请坐！ - Stand up, please. 请起立。 （二）省略谓语动词 在意思较为明显的情况下，可把谓语动词省去。 - This way, please. 请这边走。 （三）加称呼 有时为了明确地向对方提出请求或发出命令，可加称呼，但称呼要与句子隔开。 - Turn off the light, Jim. 吉姆，关灯！ （四）特殊形式 某些名词、形容词或副词等后面加感叹号，也可作为祈使句使用。 - Hands up! 请举手！ - Hands down! 放下手！ - Taxi! 出租车！ （五）禁止性祈使句 有些可用no开头，用来表示禁止性的祈使句。 - No smoking! 禁止吸烟！ - No parking! 禁止停车 - No fishing! 禁止钓鱼！ - No photos! 禁止拍照！ Unit 4 The art of having fun语法精练 一、单项选择题（每小题1分，共20分） 1. _____ the door, please. It's cold outside. A. Closing B. Close C. Closes D. To close 2. Let's _____ a party this weekend. A. having B. to have C. have D. has 3. _____ be late for class again. A. Not B. Don't C. Can't D. Doesn't 4. Please _____ your homework carefully. A. do B. doing C. to do D. does 5. _____ hard, and you will pass the exam. A. Study B. Studying C. To study D. Studies 6. _____ me a hand, will you A. Give B. Giving C. To give D. Gives 7. Let Tom _____ the window. A. cleaning B. to clean C. clean D. cleans 8. _____ loudly in the library. A. Don't talk B. Not talk C. Talk not D. Don't talking 9. _____ here early tomorrow. A. Come B. Coming C. To come D. Comes 10. Do _____ your parents say. A. like B. as C. for D. with 11. _____ the TV, please. I want to watch the news. A. Turn on B. Turning on C. To turn on D. Turns on 12. Let's not _____ about the past. A. worry B. to worry C. worrying D. worried 13. _____ in bed. It's bad for your eyes. A. Don't read B. Not read C. Read not D. Don't reading 14. _____ up, or you'll be late for school. A. Hurry B. Hurrying C. To hurry D. Hurries 15. Please _____ your hands if you have questions. A. raise B. raising C. to raise D. raises 16. _____ a good time! A. Have B. Having C. To have D. Has 17. Don't _____ the waste paper. We can collect and recycle it. A. throw away B. throwing away C. to throw away D. throws away 18. _____ along this street, and you'll find the hospital. A. Walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walks 19. Let the children _____ happily. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played 20. _____ careful! The road is icy. A. Be B. Being C. To be D. Been 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空（每小题1分，共20分 ... ...
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