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课件网) Discovering useful structures --present perfect passive voice 主语 + have/ has + V-过去分词(done) 助动词,无意义 一、现在完成时的结构 Winter has already come . present(now) future past 过去的动作一直持续到现在 过去的动作对现在产生影响 The Present Perfect Tense 二、现在完成时的用法 (1) 表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作。 Eg： ① Now we have planted all the trees. ② He has just come back. ③ They have built many buildings in this city. Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的) I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙) I haven’t read that book yet. (不了解书的内容) I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的) 二、现在完成时的用法 (2) 表示过去发生的动作, 强调结果或对现在的影响。 常与already, yet (到现在还没有), just (刚刚), ever 等词连用. already: 常用于肯定句中 yet: 常用于否定句,疑问句尾 She has learned English for 5 years. 她学英语有五年了。 He has lived in Beijing since （自从） 5 years ago. 他五年前就住在北京了。 二、现在完成时的用法 (3) 表示从过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态，常与包括现在在内的一段时间的状语连用。 for＋时间段（一段时间） 三、现在完成时的被动语态 1. 现在完成时的结构: 主语 + have/ has + V-过去分词（done） 2. 被动语态的结构: be + V-过去分词（done） 3. 现在完成时的被动语态肯定式就是： 主语 + have/has + been + V-过去分词 been 肯定式： 主语 + have/has+ been + done(V-过去分词) 否定式： 主语 + have/has+ not + been + done... 一般疑问句： Have/Has + 主语 + been + done...？ 特殊疑问句： 疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + been + done...？ 现在完成时的被动语态的结构 Many students have already been affected by the virus of Omicron. Have many students been affected by the virus of Omicron yet Who have been affected by the virus of Omicron yet ①否定句： Many students have not been affected by the virus of Omicron yet. ②一般疑问句： ③特殊疑问句（对划线部分提问）： 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有： already 已经 yet 已经 recently/lately 最近 since then 从那时起 ever since 自那以来 ever 曾经 so far/up till now 迄今为止 by now 到现在为止 for a long time 很长一段时间 in recent years 在最近几年里 in/during/over the past/last years 在过去的几年里 现在完成时的被动语态有两种情况： 1) 表过去开始的被动动作一直持续到现在，常连用的时间状语有：for+段时间，since +时间状语(从句)，these days, so far, up to now, in the last/ past few years等。 如： This class have been taught by Mr. Brown for two years. His Chinese has been improved a lot since he came to China. Rowling’s novels have been translated into many foreign languages so far. 2) 表某被动动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already, yet, just, ever, never, recently等连用。如： The bike has not been repaired yet. I have already been introduced to Mr. Smith. 注意：有些动词没有被动语态, 如不及物动词happen, take place, break out等。 1. Paper money _____ (use) for over a thousand years. 2. — _____ the letter _____ (give) to Mr. Black — No. It’s still on the desk. 3. Great changes _____ (take) place in my hometown and a l ... ...
