(
课件网) 名词+ 代词 名 词 (n.) 名 词 定义 名词的数 名词变复数 所有格 一、定义: 名词是指表示人、事、物、地点或抽象概念的词。 可数性 可数名词:可以计数的名词。 不可数名词:不可以计数的名词。 book flower apple hair water bread 三、可数名词变复数变化规则 1.规则变化 (1)一般情况词尾加s 如 book→books, desk→desks等。 其读音规则是在清辅音后读[s],在元音和浊辅音后读[z]。 (2)以 s, x, sh, ch 等结尾的名词,通常在词尾加es 如:bus→buses, box→boxes, dish→dishes等。 其读音为[iz]。 (3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,变y为i再加es 如:family→families, butterfly→butterflies。其读音为[z]。 (4)以“元音字母+y”结尾的词,直接加s 如: toy→toys, 其读音为[ z ]。 (5)以f、fe结尾的词,把f或fe变为v再加es 如:leaf→leaves,life→lives等,其读音为[vz]。 tiger--_____ pencil--_____ fox-- _____ beach-- _____ knife--_____ wife-- _____ library--_____ boy--_____ boys wives beaches pencils tigers foxes knives libraries 2.不规则变化 (1)改变单数名词中的元音字母,读音改变。 man→men, woman→women, foot→feet, tooth→teeth, mouse→mice (2)单复数形式相同,读音不变。 sheep→sheep, deer→deer, Chinese→Chinese, Japanese→Japanese (3)以o结尾的名词变复数时,有生命的名词在词尾加es,无生命的名词在词尾加s。 (kangaroo和bamboo 除外) 加es: potato, tomato, hero, Negro, mango 加s:zoo, radio, photo, piano, kangaroo, bamboo (4)其他形式: child→children (5)某国人变复数的规则如下: 中国人 Chinese→Chinese 日本人 Japanese→Japanese 英国人 Englishman→Englishmen 法国人 Frenchman→Frenchmen 美国人 American→Americans 阿拉伯人 Arab→Arabs 埃及人 Egyptian→Egyptians 德国人 German→Germans 澳大利亚人 Australian→Australians 可借用口诀记忆,即中日不变英法变,其余s加后面。 典型例题 1 How many (sheep) are there on the hill 典型例题 2 I like taking (photo). 典型例题 3 Thirty (family) live in this building. 典型例题 4 Most of the tourists on the coach are (German), and only two of them are _____ (Japanese). 典型例题 5 How many (woman doctor) are there in the hospital sheep Germans families photos Japanese women doctors 四、名词所有格 1. 有生命的名词所有格在词尾加's。若是复数并以s 或es 结尾的名词只加“'”。 2.无生命的名词用of构成所有格。 典型例题 1 他是我父亲的朋友。(两种) He is my . He is a my . 典型例题 2 Peter is . A. a friend of mine B. a my friend C. a friend of my mother D. mine friend 典型例题 3 — Whose boxes are these — They are the . A. children's B. childrens' C. children D. childs father’s of friend friend father's A A 3.几个人共同拥有一样东西时只需在最后一个人的名字后加’s; 几个人分别拥有一样东西时,每个人名后面都要加’s。 典型例题 1 It's _____ bedroom. It's clean and bright. A. Lily and Lucy B. Lily and Lucy's C. Lily's and Lucy D. Lily's and Lucy's 典型例题 2 Mr. Black is _____ father. He loves them very much. A. Liz and Lily's B. Liz's C. Liz's and Lily’s D. Lily's 典型例题 3 The two man are _____ fathers.They are good friends. A. Jim's and Kate B. Jim's and Kate's C. Jim and Kate D. Jim and Kate's B A ... ...