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课件网) UNIT 3 DIVERSE CULTURES Section Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures ●语法概览 ●语法精讲 为了避免重复或为了使句子更简练,在一些句子中常常省去某一个或某几个成分,这种语法现象在英语中叫省略。在英语句子中,常见的省略情况有以下几种: 1.简单句中的省略 (1)省略主语和谓语。 —Hello!Is Jack in ———你好!杰克在吗? —(This is)Jack speaking. ———我就是。 (2)there be句型中的省略。 (Is there)Anything wrong 发生了什么事吗? (3)感叹句根据上下文的省略。 What a (good) boy (he is)! 多好的男孩呀! (4)名词所有格修饰的名词若表示店铺、住宅、教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时可省略。 I go to the supermarket instead of the butcher's (shop) to buy meat. 我去超市而不是去肉铺买肉。 (5)介词的省略。 常见的有spend time (in)doing sth.,have a hard time (in) doing sth.,waste time (in) doing sth.,stop/prevent...(from) doing sth.,take turns (at) doing sth.等。 He seldom spends his spare time (in) studying. 他空余时间很少学习。 写出下列句子中的省略部分 ①Do be careful! (You) ②—What is your favourite subject —English.(It is) ③—Do you know Tom —No,I don't know.(him) ④Have a drink (Will you) ⑤What an unforgettable experience! (it was) 2.并列句中的省略 (1)省略共同的主语或宾语。 Tom picked up the book from the floor and (Tom) handed it to his brother. 汤姆从地板上捡起书并把它递给了他的哥哥。 (2)若主语与谓语动词相同,则省略后面分句的主语和谓语。 His performance made us amused,but(his performance made) himself tired. 他的表演让我们高兴,但是使他自己很累。 (3)若主语不同而谓语的助动词、情态动词相同,则省略后面分句的助动词或情态动词。 Tom must have been playing football at that time, and his sister (must have been) playing the piano. 汤姆那时一定在踢足球,而且他的妹妹一定在弹钢琴。 完成句子 ①有些学生喜欢打篮球,有些则不喜欢。 Some students like playing basketball, while some _____. ②我在学校当老师,我的弟弟在银行工作。 I work in a school as a teacher and my brother _____. don't in a bank 3.动词不定式中的省略 动词不定式中的省略现象可分为两种情况:一是动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的省略;二是动词不定式符号to的省略。 (1)动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的省略。 ①答语中的有些动词(短语)后跟不定式作宾语时,可将其动词省略,而保留to,这样的动词(短语)常见的有want,wish,expect,hope,would like/love,like,love,try,forget,prefer,mean,be going to,be about to,be supposed to等。 —Will you go with me ———你要和我一起去吗? —Yes, I'd like to (go with you). ———是的,我想。 温馨提示: 如果作宾语的不定式是be动词或完成时态,则需在to之后加上be或have。 —Are you a doctor ———你是医生吗? —No, but I want to be. ———不,但我希望是。 —He hasn't finished his homework. ———他还没有完成家庭作业。 —He ought to have. ———他本应该完成的。 ②动词不定式作宾语补足语时,省略to后的动词部分,即用to代替整个不定式。 You'd better finish the job on time if he ordered you to (finish the job on time). 你最好按时完成工作,如果他是这么要求你的。 ③不定式在形容词able,anxious,eager,glad,happy,ready,willing等之后作状 ... ...