
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台 中考英语语法复习学案(数词和量词) 一、核心考点深度解析 (一)数词的多维用法 1. 基数词的特殊表达 年龄表达: 直接表达:She is eighteen(18岁). 复合形容词:a ten-year-old boy(一个10岁男孩),注意中间用连字符,名词用单数。 数学运算: 加法:5 + 3 = 8 → Five plus three is eight. 减法:9 - 4 = 5 → Nine minus four is five. 乘法:6 × 2 = 12 → Six times two is twelve. 除法:8 ÷ 2 = 4 → Eight divided by two is four. 编号表达: 名词+基数词(首字母大写):Room 302(302房间)、Bus No.5(5路公交)。 序数词+名词:the fifth lesson = Lesson Five(第五课)。 2. 序数词的高级用法 分数中的序数词: 分子≥2时,分母序数词用复数:3/7 → three sevenths;4/9 → four ninths。 固定短语中的序数词: at the first sight(一见钟情) for the second time(第二次) in third place(第三名) 序数词与冠词: 一般加the:He won the first prize.(他获一等奖。) 名词前有物主代词时省略the:This is my second attempt.(这是我的第二次尝试。) 3. 数词的模糊表达 概数表达: hundreds/thousands/millions of + 复数名词: Hundreds of birds fly south in winter.(冬天成百上千只鸟南飞。) dozens of(几十)、scores of(许多): She has dozens of books on art.(她有几十本艺术书。) 年龄概数: in one’s + 整十复数:in his twenties(在他二十多岁时),表示20-29岁。 over/under + 年龄:over sixty(六十多岁),under thirty(不到三十岁)。 (二)量词的灵活搭配 1. 不可数名词的量词体系 液体类: a drop of water(一滴水) a glass of juice(一杯果汁) a bucket of milk(一桶牛奶) 块状/片状类: a bar of chocolate(一块巧克力) a slice of pizza(一片披萨) a loaf of bread(一条面包) 抽象类: a bit of news(一则消息) a ray of hope(一线希望) a burst of anger(一阵怒气) 2. 可数名词的量词辨析 修饰可数名词复数: many:用于否定/疑问句(Do you have many friends ),肯定句常用a lot of/lots of。 several:几个(=three or more),如several days(几天)。 a couple of:两个/几个,如a couple of apples(几个苹果)。 修饰可数/不可数名词: some/any:some用于肯定句,any用于否定/疑问句(I have some milk. I don’t have any money.)。 plenty of:充足的(肯定语境),如plenty of time/books(充足的时间/书)。 3. 量词的逻辑陷阱 few/little的强调用法: only a few:仅有几个(强调少但有),如Only a few students passed the exam. very few:极少(几乎没有),如Very few people know this secret. a little的延伸含义: 表示“稍微”:Can you speak a little louder (你能稍微大声点吗?) 二、高频易错点与应对策略 (一)数词易错点 1. hundred/thousand的“具体”与“模糊”混淆 错误:There are two thousands students in our school. 正确:There are two thousand students in our school.(具体数字用单数) 错误:Thousand of birds migrate here every year. 正确:Thousands of birds migrate here every year.(模糊概数用复数+of) 2. 序数词与基数词的功能混淆 错误:My birthday is on May five. 正确:My birthday is on May fifth.(日期用序数词) 错误:He is the first to arrive, I am two. 正确:He is the first to arrive, I am second.(顺序用序数词) (二)量词易错点 1. 不可数名词的量词缺失 错误:I need an advice. 正确:I need a piece of advic ... ...
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