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课件网) 动词的语态 解析 人教2025中考二轮复习 语法基础知识梳理 一、常见时态的被动语态 1.一般现在时:am/is/are+done。例: It is made in China. 它是中国制造的。 2.一般过去时:was/were+done。例: The bridge was built in 2010. 这座桥建于2010年。 3.一般将来时:will+be+done。例: She will be trained by her father. 她将受训于她爸爸。 4.现在完成时:have/has+been+done。例: The room has been cleaned. 房间已经被打扫干净了。 5.情态动词:情态动词+be+done。例: Work must be done in two days. 工作必须在两天之内完成。 二、被动语态的用法 在被动语态中,主语是动作的承受者,主要用于下列几种情况。 1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。例: This watch is made in China. 这手表产于中国。 2.没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。例: More trees must be planted every year. 每年必须种更多树。 3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。例: Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 在全世界,越来越多的人说汉语了。 4.句子的主语是动作的承受者。例: Many houses were washed away by the flood. 许多房子被洪水冲走了。 三、主动语态和被动语态的转换 1.主动语态变为被动语态。 (1)要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语,若主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要将宾语变成主格。 (2)把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语,主格变成宾格,并用by引导。 (3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。 主动语态:动作执行者+谓语动词主动形式+动作承受者。 被动语态:动作承受者+谓语动词被动形式+动作执行者。 例:We asked him to sing an English song.(变为被动语态) →He was asked to sing an English song by us. 2.带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态。 谓语动词带双宾语时,若将间接宾语转化为主语,则保留直接宾语;若将直接宾语转化为主语则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。例: She gave me a book.(变为被动语态) →I was given a book by her.(间接宾语me改成了主语) →A book was given to me by her.(直接宾语a book 改成了主语) 3.动词短语变为被动语态。 许多由动词和介词、副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词。在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。例: We should speak to old men politely.(变为被动语态) →Old men should be spoken to politely.(to不可省略) 4.带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态。 宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动句的主语,宾语补足语保留在原处,成为主语补足语。例: I heard Jane playing the piano in her room.(变为被动语态) →Jane was heard playing the piano in her room. 5.变被动语态后动词形式的选择。 主动句中在感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice等,及使役动词let, make, have等后跟省略to的不定式,变为被动句时,应加上不定式符号to。例: He makes the girl stay at home.(变为被动语态) →The girl is made to stay at home by him. 四、语态用法的难点 1.某些动词形式是主动语态,但含有被动的意思。例: This dictionary sells well. 这种字典很好销售。 The woolen sweater costs $88. 这件羊毛衫卖88美元。 The car needs repairing. =The car needs to be repaired. 那辆车需要修理。 The soup tastes delicious. 这汤尝起来味道很好。 2.主动语态中,有些动词如make, see, listen, watch, feel后常跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,变为被动语态要带上to。例: He made the boy work for him. =The boy was made to work for him. 这男孩被迫为他工 ... ...
