【2025中考英语二轮复习 语法基础】主谓一致 解析(PPT版+word版）

/ 让教学更有效 英语学科 【2025中考二轮复习 语法基础】主谓一致 一、语法一致原则 语法一致即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词就用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词就用复数形式。 1.当and连接两个或多个名词,或both...and...连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。例: Tom and Mike are good friends. 汤姆和迈克是好朋友。 Both Lucy and Lily are students. 露西和莉莉都是学生。 2.不定代词either, neither, anybody, anyone, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例: Is there anything wrong with your bike 你的自行车有什么毛病吗 Everyone is ready for the sports meeting. 大家都为运动会做好准备了。 3.由each, each...and each..., every...and every..., every作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例: Each boy and each girl was given a new book. 每一个男孩和每一个女孩都被给了一本新书。 4.主语后有with, as well as, including, besides, like, except, but等词或短语时,谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。例: Mr.Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing. 格林先生将和他的妻子及两个女儿一块儿来北京。 5.“a number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;“the number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例: A number of trees are cut down. 许多树木被砍倒了。 The number of students in our class is 32. 我们班学生人数为32。 6.“a lot of (lots of, plenty of, most of)+名词”和“分数或百分数+名词”等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词,如果是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。例: Lots of people have been there. 很多人去过那儿。 7.由“a pair(a kind...)+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;“pairs(kinds...)+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。例: A pair of sunglasses is lying on the table. 一副太阳镜放在桌子上。 Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day. 每天能制作15双鞋。 8.某些只有复数形式的名词如clothes, trousers, shorts, pants, shoes, gloves等作主语时,谓词动词用复数形式。例: My shoes were worn out. 我的鞋子穿坏了。 9.不定式或动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例: Doing sports every day is good for our health. 每天锻炼对我们的健康有好处。 二、意义一致原则 意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。 1.由and连接的两个名词,如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词),则谓语动词用单数形式。例: The teacher and writer is coming to give us a report next week. 那位老师兼作家下周要来给我们做报告。 The singer and dancer has been invited to the party. 那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加了聚会。 2.集体名词如family, team, crowd, company, class, group, government等,如果表示整体概念,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示集体中的成员,则谓语动词用复数形式。例: My family is a small one with three people. 我家是一个有三口人的小家庭。 3.people, police等集合名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。例: The police are helping a girl find her mother. 警察正在帮助一个女孩找妈妈。 三、就近原则 有时谓语动词的形式与最靠近它的名词保持一致,这种原则叫作就近原则。 1.由either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but (also)..., not...but...或or连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与较近 ... ...