【2025中考英语二轮复习 语法基础】定语从句和状语从句 (PPT版+word版）

/ 让教学更有效 英语学科 【2025中考二轮复习 语法基础】定语从句和状语从句 一、定语从句的关系词 定语从句在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词,被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系代词who, whom, that, which, whose或关系副词when, where, why等引出。 关系词 指代 在定语从句中的作用 that 既指人也指物 作主语、宾语 which 指物 作主语、宾语 who 指人 作主语 whom 指人 作宾语 whose 既指人也指物 作定语 when 时间 作状语 where 地点 作状语 why 原因 作状语 1.who, whom, that代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例: Is he the man who/that wants to see you 他是想见你的那个人吗 He is the man (who/whom/that) I saw yesterday. 他是昨天我看到的那个人。 2.which, that代替的先行词是指代事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例: Mary likes music that/which is quiet and gentle. 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。 The coat (that/which) I put on the desk is blue. 我放在桌子上的外套是蓝色的。 3.whose用来指人或物,在句中只用作定语。例: Please pass me the book whose cover is green. 请把封面是绿色的那本书递给我。 4.关系副词有when, where, why,它们在句中作状语。例: I’ll never forget the days when we studied together. 我永远忘不了我们一起学习的那些日子。 This is the city where my father worked ten years ago. 这是我爸十年前工作的城市。 Do you know the reason why he was late for school 你知道他上学迟到的原因吗 二、关系词只能用that而不用which的情况 1.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。例: This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen. 这是我所看过的最激动人心的足球赛之一。 2.当先行词被序数词修饰时。例: The first thing that you could do was to turn off the light. 你可以做的第一件事情就是关灯。 3.当先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, none等不定代词时(something后也可用which)。例: All that we have to do for our students is to tell them how to speak English in class. 我们要为学生做的所有的事情就是告诉他们如何在课堂上说英语。 I’m going to buy everything that I need. 我要去买我所需要的一切东西。 4.当先行词前面有only, just, any, no等词修饰时。例: That’s the only thing that we can do now. 那是我们现在唯一能做的事情。 5.当先行词既指人又指物时。例: They are talking about things and persons that they remember. 他们正在谈论他们所能回忆起来的人或事。 三、关系词只能用who(whom)而不用that的情况 1.当先行词为all, any或其合成词或a few且指人时。例: Anyone who breaks the law(法律) will be punished. 任何违法的人都会受到惩罚。 2.当先行词为that, this, those或these且指人时。例: Those who hadn’t bought the tickets for the train crowded in the waiting hall. 那些还没买着火车票的人挤在候车厅里。 3.当先行词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时,在口语中用who或whom引导均可,但如直接位于介词后作宾语时,只能用whom。例: The guest (who/whom) I’ll first introduce to you is a little girl. 我首先要介绍给你(们)的客人是一位小姑娘。 I met a few friends of mine, among whom was my old classmate. 我遇见几位朋友,其中一位是我的老同学。 四、时间状语从句 时间状语从句表示主句动作发生的时间。引导这种从句的词有连词when, before, after, as, while, till, until, since等, ... ...