(
课件网) 动词的非谓语形式 知识1 动词不定式 知识2 动词的-ing形式 知识3 动词的-ed形式(过去分词) 知识1 动词不定式 (重点) 一、动词不定式的构成 动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,这里的to是不定式符号,本身无意义,有时可以省 略。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍保留了动词的特点,可 以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式和它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。 句法功能 例句 作主语 To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语是不容易的。 作宾语 I want to ask him a question. 我想问他一个问题。 He is learning to swim. 他在学习游泳。 作状语 He went to the library to borrow some books. 他去图书馆借了几本书。 I'm glad to see you.见到你我很高兴。 作宾语补足语 She asked me to speak louder. 她要求我更大声地说话。 作定语 They have no house to live in. 他们无房子可住。 二、动词不定式的基本用法 动词不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。 1.作主语。如: To see is to believe.眼见为实。 动词不定式作主语时,通常用it作形式主语,真正的不定式主语则被后置。常用句式有: ⑴It+is+adj.(+for/of sb.)+to do sth.。如: It is important (for us) to learn English well. (对于我们来说)学好英语很重要。 It is kind of you to help the old. 帮助老年人,你真是太好了! ⑵It takes sb.+一段时间+to do sth.。 如: It takes me half an hour to walk to school every day. 每天步行上学花费我半个小时。 2.作宾语 ⑴常用动词不定式作宾语的动词(词组)有:afford, agree, want,would like,hope, decide, wish, try, learn, expect, begin, help, offer, start, fail, plan, promise, refuse等。如: She is hoping to win the gold medal. 她希望赢得金牌。 She agreed to let me go early. 她同意让我早走。 He decided to visit the family on Saturday evening.他决定星期六晚上去拜访这家人。 ⑵当动词不定式作宾语,且后面带有宾语补足语时,常用it作形式宾语,把真正的宾语,即动词不定式 放在宾语补足语之后。如: I found it difficult to find a job in the city.我觉得在这座城市找份工作很难。 ⑶动词不定式可以和what,which,when,where,how等连用作宾语。如: Nobody told us what to do next. 没人告诉我们接下来做什么。 I don't know where to go. 我不知道去哪里。 3.作状语 ⑴作状语表示目的时,可放在句首或句尾。如: To learn English well,you must study hard every day. 为了学好英语,你必须每天努力学习。 He came here to ask for his book. 他来这儿要回他的书。 ⑵用作结果状语时,常与enough或too连用。如: He is old enough to go to school. 他年龄足够大可以去上学。 He is too young to go to school. 他年龄太小了不能去上学。 4.作宾语补足语 ⑴常见后接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:advise,allow,ask,encourage,expect,force,invite,order, require,want,warn,teach等。如: We had to ask him to leave. 我们不得不让他离开。 She was the first to encourage me to write. 她是第一个鼓励我写作的人。 Do your parents allow you to go to Jim's party 你的父母允许你去参加吉姆的派对吗 ⑵在动词help后面作宾语补足语的不定式,可以带to,也可以不带to。如: He often helps his parents (to) do housework on weekends. 他经常在周末帮助父母做家务。 巧学妙记 后面用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词记忆口诀:一感(feel)、二听(hear,listen ... ...
