2024-2025学年沪教版（五四学制）（2024）七年级英语上册-五大基本句型&成分分析讲义（教师版＋学生版）

新七年级讲义 五大基本句型&成分分析 英语五大基本句型 句型一(Subject + Verb) 主谓 句型二(Subject + Verb+ Object) 主谓宾 句型三(Subject + Verb + Indirect object + Direct object) 主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语(主谓双宾) 句型四(Subject + Verb + Object + Complement) 主谓+宾语+宾语补足语(主谓宾宾补) 句型五(Subject + Link. V + Predicate) 主系表 英语句子有以下严格要求： 1.有主语； 2.有谓语动词； 3.要能表达一个完整的意思，若主谓结构不能表达完整的意思，则需要在其后添加其他补充成分如表语/宾语/双宾语/宾补。 基本句型一(S+V) 主谓 句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，不能直接带宾语(接宾语必须后加介词)，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、不定式、状语从句等。 常见的不及物动词有work, arrive, go, live, fall, rise, exist, agree, sing, swim, jump, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。 SVi (不及物动词)1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man 4. We all 5. Everybody 6.I 7. They 8.He 9.He 10.Theyflies. rose. cooked. eat, and drink. laughed woke. talked for half an hour. walked yesterday is playing. have gone. 巩固练习：选出主谓结构的句子(圈出题号)。 I sing. I like games. He dance. I bought you a book. She cried. 基本句型二(S+V+O) 主谓宾 谓语动词都具有实义，这类动词叫做及物动词，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一 个宾语，即动作的承受着，才能使意思完整。宾语的成分通常是：名词、代词、动词不定式(to do)、动名词(v-ing)或从句。 常见的动词如：make, want, help, have, respect, like, provide, own, think, believe, appreciate等。 SV(实义动词)O(宾语）1.Who 2.She 3.He 4.He 5.They 6. Danny 7.I 8.Heknows laugh at understands made ate likes want saidthe answer her. English. cakes. some apples. donuts. to have a cup of tea. "Good morning." 巩固练习：选出主谓宾结构的句子(圈出题号)。 She loves you. He breaks her heart. They work hard. He gives me a pen. He saw me cry. 基本句型三(S+V+IO+DO) 主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语(主谓双宾) 谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后，但如果直接宾语在前，间接宾语在后，中间需要加上一个介词to 或for。 常见动词有 give, send, tell, teach, pay, show, offer, buy, cook, pass, lend, bring等。 SV(及物动词)IO(间接宾语—人)O(直接宾语—物)1. She 2. She 3. He 4. He 5. I 6. I 7. I 8. He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed him her husband you her him him me a new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand. how to run the machine. that the bus was late. 巩固练习：选出主谓双宾结构的句子(圈出题号)。 He breaks her heart. They work hard. She told me a story. You make me happy. He gave me a pen. 基本句型四(S+V+O+C) 主谓+宾语+宾语补足语(主谓宾宾补) 动词虽然是及物动词，但是宾语还不能表达完整的意思,须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语才能使意思完整。宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、非谓语动词、副词或介词短语等充当。 常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。 SV(及物动词)O(宾语)C(补语)1. We 2. They 3. They 4. They 5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I keep painted call found makes saw asked findthe table the door supper the house him ... ...