新概念英语第一册Lesson 85-108 知识清单

新概念英语第一册Lesson 85-108知识清单 85-86课 现在完成时的主要时间状语/ have been to和have gone to的区别 一、现在完成时不能和明确表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in等）连用，但可以和不明确的时间状语（如already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等）连用，也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语（如this morning, today, this week , this year等）连用。 二、have been to和have gone to的区别 这两个现在完成时的词组都表示“到某处”，它们的区别在于“have been to”表示到过某处，现在已经回来；have gone to表示到某处去了，现在也可能已经到达，也可能还在去的途中，总之，不知道现在到哪里去了： I have been to the United States several times. 我到美国去过几趟。（现在回来了） Where is your sister She has gone to the United States. 你姐姐在哪？她去美国了。（现在不在此处） 87-88课 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 1）现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，而一般过去时不强调过去的动作与现在的关系： I have lost my pen.（强调我现在没有笔） I lost my pen.（过去笔丢了，没说明现在是否有笔） 2）现在完成时不可和表过去的时间状语连用（before, just等除外），但一般过去时可和表过去的时间状语，如yesterday, last week, three days ago, just now等连用。 89-90课 现在完成时 1）for和since在现在完成时中的运用 for表“经历（一段时间）”，而since表“自从…以来”，常见结构为：for+一段时间；since+一段时间+ ago；since+一个时间点；since+ 从句： He has stayed here for 3 hours. He has stayed here since 3 hours ago. He has stayed here since 3 o’clock. He has taught English since he came here. 2）除了for, since以外，常和现在完成时连用的副词还有already, ever, never, just, yet, in the past few years, over the last thirty years, so far, up to now, since 1980等： Most college students have learned English for more than six years. Great changes have taken place in China in the past few years. 3）现在完成时中，already和yet的区别为：already常用于肯定句中或句末；yet常用于一般疑问句或否定句末。但表惊讶时already也可用于疑问句： Tom has already finished his homework. What! Have you already finished it 91-92课 一般将来时 “shall/will+动词原形”构成的一般将来时通常表示单纯的将来，往往不涉及主语的主观意愿。 比较shall, will, be going to 1）I (we)用shall(或will)；you, he, she, they用will： I shall be twenty years old next year. The train will arrive soon. 2）在现代美语中，will可用于所有人称： I will help you with your computer test. 3）shall/will的缩写形式相同，都是’ll： I shall= I’ll You will= You’ll She will=She’ll 4）shall not的缩写形式为shan’t；will not的缩写形式为won’t： They’ll take part in the sports meet next week. She won’t accept my suggestion. 5）be going to和will在含义和用法上略有不同： be going to往往表示事先经过考虑的打算；will多表示意愿、决心。有时不能互换。 I have bought some books and I am going to learn Korean by myself.（不能用will替换） 93-94课 一般将来时 常跟一般将来时连用的时间状语有： this morning/afternoon/evening in two days’ time in the morning tomorrow this week this month this year ... ...