
高考英语基础语法一轮复习学案———连词 一、连词的核心分类与基础功能 连词(Conjunction)是连接词、短语、从句或句子的虚词,在句子中不单独作成分,但通过构建逻辑关系使表达更连贯。根据功能,连词可分为并列连词和从属连词两大类,每种类型对应不同的语法规则和语境应用。 (一)并列连词:连接平行结构 并列连词用于连接语法地位相同的词、短语或句子,常见逻辑关系包括并列、转折、选择和因果。 1. 表并列关系:and(和)、both...and...(两者都)、not only...but also...(不仅……而且……)、neither...nor...(既不……也不……) 用法: and 表顺承或递进,连接对等成分。 例句:She likes reading and writing.(连接动名词);He is smart and hardworking.(连接形容词) both...and... 强调两者兼具,谓语动词用复数。 例句:Both Tom and Jerry are good at math. not only...but also... 和 neither...nor... 遵循“就近原则”,谓语动词与最近的主语一致。 例句:Not only you but also he likes English.(与he一致);Neither she nor I am wrong.(与I一致) 2. 表转折关系:but(但是)、yet(然而)、while(而,却)、however(然而,副词需用逗号隔开) 用法: but 直接连接转折内容,语气较强。 例句:He is rich but not happy. while 强调对比,常用于连接两个平行句子。 例句:Some people love cats, while others prefer dogs. however 作副词,位置灵活,需用逗号与句子隔开。 例句:He tried hard; however, he failed.(分号可替换为句号) 3. 表选择关系:or(或者;否则)、either...or...(要么……要么……)、otherwise(否则) 用法: or 用于选择或警告(= if not)。 例句:Do you want tea or coffee (选择);Hurry up, or you’ll be late.(否则) either...or... 遵循就近原则,连接两个选择项。 例句:Either you or he has to clean the classroom. 4. 表因果关系:for(因为,补充说明理由)、so(所以) 用法: for 引导的句子不可置于句首,用于解释前文。 例句:He must be ill, for he didn’t come to school. so 表结果,不能与because连用。 例句:It was raining heavily, so we stayed at home. (二)从属连词:引导从句 从属连词用于引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句等)或状语从句(时间、条件、让步等),使从句依附于主句存在。 1. 引导名词性从句:that、whether、if(是否)、wh-词(what、who、where等) 用法: that 在宾语从句中可省略,在其他从句中一般不省。 例句:I believe (that) he will succeed.(宾语从句可省);That he is honest is known to all.(主语从句不可省) whether/if 表“是否”时,if 一般只用于宾语从句,whether 可用于各类名词性从句,且可与or not连用。 例句:I don’t know if/whether he will come.(宾语从句);The question is whether he can finish it on time.(表语从句,不可用if) 2. 引导时间状语从句:when、while、as、before、after、since、until/till、as soon as、once 用法: when 既指时间点也指时间段,从句动词可为延续或非延续性。 例句:When I arrived, she was cooking.(时间点) while 强调主从句动作同时进行,从句动词须为延续性。 例句:While he was reading, I was writing. as 表“一边……一边……”或“随着”。 例句:She sang as she walked.(一边……一边);As time went by, we became friends.(随着) since 引导的从句用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时。 例句:We have lived here since we moved to the city. until/till 用于否定句时,主句动词为非延续性;用 ... ...
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