【精品解析】哈佛英语时文阅读-八年级 Week14

哈佛英语时文阅读-八年级 Week14 Monday儒家的"五常" Confucianism has been followed by Chinese people for more than two thousand years. To help people understand how to behave toward others, Confucianism teaches the Five Constants. These are ren,yi, li,zhi and xin.They are general virtues around the world. The most important two are ren and li. Ren is the feeling of care and love we should have for others. Confucius explained ren could best be understood as loving others. He is famous for teaching people "What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others." It is quite similar to what is known in the West as the Golden Rule(treat others as you wish to be treated). While the meaning of ren is easy to understand, li is a little harder to express. It can be thought of as duty or even respect. Generally, li is the way we should connect with people in our everyday life. In Confucian writings, discussions about li include the proper way to drink tea and how to remember ancestors. While ren is mostly about our opinions and feelings, li is about how we express our opinions and feelings toward others and toward the world around us. Perhaps the most well-known Confucian virtue is xiao.This is the duty children have to their parents. Xiao means loving, respecting, obeying and taking care of one's parents in their old age. In Confucianism, xiao is important for a harmonious society: Without it, the whole world would fall into a mess. 1．Which are the most important of the Five Constants A．Ren and yi. B．Ren and li. C．Li and xin. D．Yi and zhi. 2．What is the best Chinese for the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 A．博学于文，约之以礼。 B．学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。 C．己所不欲，勿施于人。 D．君子和而不同，小人同而不和。 3．Which of the following is an example of li A． B．Taking care of one's children. C．Obeying rules for drinking tea. D．Learning all through one's life. 4．What does the passage mainly tell us about Confucianism A．Its general virtues. B．Its long history. C．Its new challenges. D．Its golden rules. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 【知识点】说明文；中国传统文化与礼仪习俗；细节理解；推理判断；文章大意 【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了儒家思想中的传统美德———"五常"，及其具体内涵。 （1）细节理解题。由第二段内容，特别是该段的 The most important two are ren and li.可知, "五常"中最重要的是仁和礼。故选B。 （2）细节理解题。treat others as you wish to be treated和 What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others是一个意思，即：己所不欲，勿施于人。故选C。 （3）推理判断题。由倒数第二段的 In Confucian writings, discussions about li include the proper way to drink tea and how to remember ancestors.可知选 C. （4）主旨大意题。第二段说，为了帮助人们理解如何对待他人，儒家思想教导人们"五常"。它们是仁、义、礼、智和信。它们是全世界的普遍美德。后面几段是具体介绍"五常"的内涵。由此可知本文主要向读者介绍了儒家的美德，故选A。 【点评】考查阅读理解，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案 ... ...