【弯道超车】Unit 1 Wise men in history 核心语法之一般过去时的被动语态-2025年沪教牛津版九年级英语上册精讲精练 (含答案解析)

/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科 2025年沪教牛津版九年级英语上册精讲精练 Unit 1 Wise men in history 核心语法：一般过去时的被动语态 一、被动语态的基本概念 被动语态（Passive Voice） 用于强调动作的承受者，而非执行者。结构为： "be动词 + 过去分词"，其中be动词需根据时态变化。 对比主动语态与被动语态： 主动语态：主语（执行者） + 谓语 + 宾语（承受者） The workers built the bridge last year.（工人去年建造了这座桥。） 被动语态：主语（承受者） + be动词 + 过去分词 + (by + 执行者) The bridge was built (by the workers) last year.（这座桥去年被工人建造。） 二、一般过去时的被动语态结构 公式： 主语 + was/were + 过去分词 + (by + 执行者) + 时间状语 规则说明： be动词选择： 单数主语 → was 复数主语 → were The window was broken by the boy.（窗户被男孩打碎了。） The letters were sent yesterday.（信件昨天被寄出了。） 过去分词：规则动词加-ed，不规则动词需单独记忆（如：write → written, build → built）。 执行者的省略：若执行者不重要或未知，可省略by...部分。 This book was published in 2020.（这本书出版于2020年。） 三、使用场景 1、强调动作的承受者： The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci.（《蒙娜丽莎》是达·芬奇画的。） 2、执行者未知或不重要： My wallet was stolen on the bus.（我的钱包在公交上被偷了。） 3、客观描述事实（常见于新闻报道、历史事件）： The first iPhone was released in 2007.（第一代iPhone于2007年发布。） 四、句型转换（主动变被动） 1、步骤： 将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语。 根据原句时态选择be动词（一般过去时用was/were）。 将主动句的谓语动词改为过去分词。 原句主语变为by + 执行者（可省略）。 2、例句转换： 主动：Shakespeare wrote Hamlet. 被动：Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. 五、疑问句与否定句 1、疑问句：将was/were提前至句首。 Was the project finished on time （项目按时完成了吗？） Where were these photos taken （这些照片是在哪里拍的？） 2、否定句：在was/were后加not。 The door was not locked.（门没锁。） The students were not told the answer.（学生们没被告知答案。） 六、易错点与注意事项 1、动词过去分词的错误形式： 错误：The song was sing by a famous artist. 正确：The song was sung by a famous artist. 2、be动词与主语的一致性： 错误：The cakes was eaten by the children. 正确：The cakes were eaten by the children. 3、多余添加助动词did： 错误：Did the letter was sent 正确：Was the letter sent 七、总结口诀 被动语态记分明，was/were加过分， 承受者作主语，by后执行者可省！ 1． When I was a pupil, some of my pocket money ____ to buy comic books. A．use B．is used C．used D．was used 2．—Can he get the first prize in the race —He ____ so, but he has just hurt his leg. It's impossible now. A．will expect to do B．is expected doing C．has expected doing D．was expected to do 3．Your mother to go the market just now. A．tells B．told C．asks D．was asked 4．The Big Banana _____ in 1964 _____ John Landy. A．was made; from B．was making; by C．was made; by D．was making; from 5．— The 21st World Cup _____ in Russia, right — As far as I know, it _____ in 2018. A．held; took place B．was held; was taken place C．held; was taken place D．was held; took place 6．— ... ...