
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台 初中英语语法:介词及介词短语 【语法讲解】 ◆ 介词的功能 介词是一种虚词,用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系,不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语,状语,表语和宾语补足语。例如: The boy over there is John’s brother. (定语) The girl will be back in two hours. (状语) Our English teacher is from Australia. (表语) Help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语) ◆ 介词和种类 (1) 简单介词,常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。 (2) 复合介词,如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。 ◆不同介词的用法 (1)表时间的介词 1)at, in on 表示时间点用at。例如:at six o’clock, at noon, at midnight。表示在某个世纪,某年,某月,某个季节以及早晨,上午,下午,晚上时,用in。例如:in the nineteenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午,下午,晚上时,用on。例如:on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning等。 2) since, after 由since和after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段,但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻,因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去,因而要与一般过去时连用。例如: I haven’t heard from him since last summer. After five days the boy came back. 3) in, after in与将来时态连用时,表示“过多长时间以后”的意思,后面跟表示一段时间的词语。After与将来时态连用时,后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。After与过去时态连用时,后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如: He will be back in two months. He will arrive after four o’clock. He returned after a month. (2)表示地点的介词 1)at, in, on at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如: He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. They arrived at a small village before dark. There is a big hole in the wall. The teacher put up a picture on the wall. 2) over, above, on over, on和above都可表示“在……上面”,但具体含义不同。Over表示位置高于某物,在某物的正上方,其反义词是under。 above也表示位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触,一个在另一的上面。例如: There is a bridge over the river. We flew above the clouds. They put some flowers on the teacher’s desk. 3) across, through across和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”,但用法不同。Across的含义与on有关,表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。Through的含义与in有关,表示动作是在三维空间进行。例如: The dog ran across the grass. The boy swam across the river. They walked through the forest. I pushed through the crowds. 4) in front of, in the front of in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”,在某个范围以外;in the front of 表示“在……的前部”,在某个范围以内。例如: There are some tall trees in front of the building. The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom. ◆常用介词的用法辨析 一. at/ in /on . 1.表示时间: 1).表示某一具体时间点,某一时刻/ 年龄 at six o’clock at noon at that time at the moment at the age of at night 2)in表示时间段,一天的三个时间段以及月份,年,季节,世纪,人生的某个时 ... ...
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