(
课件网) 英语的句子成分 概念 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。根据各个部分在句子中所起的作用分别称为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语和同位语。其中主语和谓语是句子的主体。 主语（Subject) 01 主语是句子的主体部分，是说明的对象，是动作的执行者或发出者。用来说明句子讲的是谁或什么情况。 1. 名词 The park is very beautiful . 2. 代词(主语用主格) I bought a book yesterday. 3. 数词 The first is the best. 4. 动词不定式短语 To learn English well is very easy. 5. 动名词短语 Seeing is believing. 6. 名词化的形容词和分词 The old are very kind and the young are lovely. 7. 名词性的词组或短语 Neither he nor I will go there. 8. 主语从句 What he said is not right. 主语是句子的主体部分，是说明的对象，是动作的执行者或发出者。用来说明句子讲的是谁或什么情况。 The students are listening to me carefully. I have good news to tell you. Running is good for our health. What impresses me most is their colorful after-class activities. It was interesting to learn about the Wolong Reserve. 名词 代词 动名词 从句 it作形式主语 it作形式主语 当句子的主语是动词不定式或动名词短语或从句时，为了使句子平衡，便将这些主语放在句子的后面，此时，“it”无具体的意义，只是形式主语，而真正的主语是后面的动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句。 it作形式主语 1)动词不定式短语 It is easy to learn English well. 2)动名词短语(主要用于以no good, no use, useless, worthwhile, a waste of time等词做表语的句子中) It is useless/ no use crying over split milk. Is it worthwhile working so hard It is no good having a car if you can't drive. 用it做形式主语翻译下列句子。 1)玩火很危险 2)失败后哭是没有用的。 3)认识他很幸运。 It is dangerous to play with fire. It is useless/ no use crying after failure. It is lucky to know him. 练一练 1. Drinking does harm to your health. 找出下列句子的主语，并说明是由什么充当的主语。 2. The meeting starts with a speech by the President. 3. To have good health is extremely important. 4. What caused the fire remains unknown. 5. Five are killed in the accident. 动名词 名词 不定式 从句 数词 谓语（Predicate） 02 概念 谓语用来说明主语的状态或行为动作。谓语主要由动词或动词短语充当。谓语有时态、语态、主谓一致的变化。谓语有简单谓语和复合谓语之分 谓语动词具有时态和语态的变化。 找出下列句子的错误并改正 I buy a book in a shop yesterday. His novel translated into English. bought was translated 16种时态 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般动作 do/does did shall/will do should/would do 进行动作 be+doing was/were doing shall/will be doing should/would be doing 完成动作 has/have done had done shall/will have done should/would have done 完成进行动作 has/have been doing had been doing shall/will have been doing should/would have been doing 谓语动词具有主谓一致的变化: 谓语动词在人称和数上和主语保持一致。 他喜欢读书。 他们也喜欢读书。 He likes reading. They also like reading. (1)简单谓语：由一个实义动词或动词短语构成。 He runs every morning.他每天早上跑步。 (2)复合谓语： ①由情态动词/be动词/其他助动词+动词原形或动词的其他形式构成。 You may keep the book for t ... ...
