Period 3 Grammar and usage—Overview of to-infinitives，verb-ing and verb-ed forms 阅读以下短文，感知黑体部分，并完成下面的练习 ①Drawing inspiration from nature is a tradition that goes back centuries.Nowhere is this better illustrated than in the beautiful Lingering Garden of Suzhou.The main principle of its design is ② to recreate/recreating natural landscapes in miniature.First ③established in the Ming Dynasty，the original garden ④containing a rockery to symbolize Tiantai Mountain became famous overnight.Pine and bamboo groves were added later，along with a pond and an island.Visitors would be ⑤astonished to find the garden ⑥modeled closely on natural features.Visitors are also supposed ⑦to explore it scene-by-scene.This could vary from a view of a pond and the splashing of fish，to a tree in blossom，a pagoda or a moon-shaped gate. 以上黑体部分都是动词的非谓语形式，非谓语有三种形式：动词-ing形式，动词-ed形式和动词不定式；非谓语可以在句中充当主语(如①)，表语(如②和⑤)，宾语(如⑦)，定语(如④)，状语(如③)，补语(如⑥)等。 非谓语动词通常指动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式，在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。见下表： 功能 形式 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 动词不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动词-ing形式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动词-ed形式 √ √ √ √ 一、作主语 1．动词不定式和动词-ing形式都可以在句中作主语。不定式作主语时常常用形式主语it代替，不定式置于句末。如： Undergoing numerous challenges has made her more confident. 经历了许多挑战让她变得更加自信了。 Being misunderstood by my teacher made me depressed. 被我的老师误解使我沮丧。 To detect the implied dimension of a poem is important. ＝It is important to detect the implied dimension of a poem. 发现一首诗隐含的方面是很重要的。 2．动词-ing形式有时也用形式主语it代替，动词-ing形式置于句末。常用于下列句型It’s a waste of time doing sth“做某事是浪费时间”，It’s no good/use/fun/pleasure doing sth“做某事无益/没用/没意思”。如： It is no good pretending to know what you do not know. 不懂装懂是不好的。 It is no use reading without grasping the meaning. 只读而不能领会其意是没有用的。 二、作宾语 1．动词不定式作宾语 在afford，agree，arrange，choose，claim，desire，expect，fail，hope，intend，offer，pretend，promise，refuse，wish，determine，decide等动词后，常接动词不定式作宾语。如： To my great disappointment，he refused to accept my invitation. 令我大失所望的是，他拒绝接受我的邀请。 The novelist decided to break with the rigid rules and advocate innovation. 这位小说家决定打破陈规，提倡创新。 2．动词-ing形式作宾语 在advise，admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，deny，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，risk，resist，suggest，quit等动词后，以及在短语burst out，can’t stand，give up，feel like，keep on，insist on，focus/concentrate on，look forward to，be addicted to，put off，devote...to，object to，get down to，be busy (in)，have difficulty/trouble (in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time (in)，have fun等后，常接动词-ing形式作宾语。如： He coul ... ...
