Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage Grammar———过去完成时 一、过去完成时的构成形式 基本结构 had+过去分词 肯定句 主语+had+过去分词+其他。 否定句 主语+had+not+过去分词+其他。 一般疑问句 Had+主语+过去分词+其他 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 The fire had come about before the couple came back. 这对夫妇回来之前火灾就已经发生了。 When walking down the street,I came across David,whom I hadn’t seen for years. 沿街散步时,我偶然遇见了戴维,我们已经有好几年没见了。 When I was rejected from one that had seemed like a perfect fit,it was undoubtedly difficult. 当我被一份看起来非常合适的工作拒绝时,无疑是很困难的。 Had you heard of the news before it was broadcast 消息传播前你听说了吗 How many stamps had you collected by the end of last year 到去年年底你已经收集多少张邮票了 二、过去完成时的常见用法 [先感知] ①Before Mr Jenkins taught me,science had simply been a subject full of strange words to me.(北师选一U1) ②When my family and I had just arrived in China,we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing.(人教选二U3) ③The boy was told that his politics paper had not been handed in. ④The journalist reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake of this area. [会发现] 句①②中,表示“过去的过去”,句中的时间状语由before、when引出;句③④中,过去完成时用在told、reported等动词后的宾语从句中表示从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前。 [明规则] 1.表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或者完成的动作或存在的状态,即“过去的过去”。也可以表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态。句中的时间状语可以用by、before、until、when等引出或者用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可以通过上下文来表示。 By the end of last year he had run out of all the money inherited from his father. 到去年年底,他已花光了从他父亲那里继承的所有钱。 The girl had disappeared in a flash before he could utter a single word. 他还没来得及说一句话,那女孩就不见了。 [名师点津] before、after引导的时间状语从句中,由于before和after本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句多用一般过去时。 After he arrived in England,he worked hard to improve his English. 他到达英格兰之后,努力提高他的英语水平。 2.表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hope、want、expect、think、mean、suppose、plan、intend等)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。 I had meant to tell Mike the good news,but I found that he wasn’t at home. 我本打算把这个好消息告诉迈克,但发现他不在家。 I had intended/wanted/planned to give you just a surprise quiz but on second thought I chose to let you reflect on your exercises. 我本想给你们一个惊喜测验,但转念一想,我选择让你们回顾自己的练习。 3.过去完成时常常用在told、said、knew、heard、thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中表示从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前。 I thought I had sent the letter out a week before,but actually it was still lying on the desk in my study. 我原本以为我一星期前就把信寄出去了,但实际上它还一直在我书房的桌子上。 4.过去完成时在虚拟语气中的运用 过去完成时的这一用法常见于构成虚拟语气的条件状语从句和I wish...(我希望……),I’d rather...(我宁愿……)后的 ... ...
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