Section Ⅳ Discovering Useful Structures 语法项目———省略 ①(You) Believe yourself Tom and Peter are twins.They look as if ②(they were) the same person.Both the two boys are smart, but Tom is hardworking while Peter is lazy.Tom always wins the first place in the exams while Peter doesn't ③(win the first place)．Peter felt sad one day.When ④(he was) asked why he was so sad, he said he had been robbed of the opportunity of going abroad.Peter determined to spend nearly half of his summer holiday ⑤(in) studying English.Their parents believe if Peter worked as hard as Tom ⑥(worked), he would do as well as his brother ⑦(did) in his study.And their parents suggest that they ⑧(should) finish their homework before playing computer games.Not surprisingly, Peter succeeded.It's worth mentioning that ⑨were it not for the support of the teachers, Peter could not overcome his difficulty. [语法入门] ①祈使句中常省略主语； ②④as if/when引导状语从句，主从句主语一致，且从句谓语部分含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词可省略； ③⑥⑦while或as ...as ...连接两个并列分句时，若主语不同，但主要动词相同，则可省略后面句子中的主要动词； ⑤介词的省略； ⑧suggest意为“建议”，后接宾语从句时，从句中谓语用“should＋do”，should可以省略； ⑨if虚拟条件句中，省略if时，句子需倒装。 在英语中，为了使语言简洁、紧凑、重点突出，常常省略句中的一个或多个成分，这种语法现象叫省略。 一、词法上的省略 (一)介词的省略 1．一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略，而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构有： 2．表示时间的介词at, on和in在next, last, this, these, yesterday, tomorrow, one, any, every, each, some等词之前时，一般省略。 The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time. 大雨使得他没能按时到达那里。 We go to school (on) every day except Sundays. 除了星期天外，我们每天都去上学。 [对点练] (补全下列句子中省略的介词) ①It was quite light and (_____) any moment now the sun would rise. ②There were plenty of empty seats (_____) that night. ③I have some trouble (_____) learning English. (二)替代性省略 在英语中，可以用so, not或其他方式来替代省略的上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。 ①—Can you finish your work today ———你今天能完成工作吗？ —I think so. ———我认为能。 —I don't think so./I think not. ———我认为不能。 ②—The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they —I guess not. ———男孩们工作做得一点儿也不好，是吗？ ———我猜是没做好。 [对点练] (完成句子) ①—Is he feeling better today —_____ (我恐怕他没有好转)． ②—Tom was injured, or he would have won the race. —_____ (我认为如此)． (三)动词不定式的省略 1．当不定式在形容词afraid, anxious, eager, glad, happy, ready, willing等后作状语时，to后的内容常省略。 You can't force him to answer the question if he's not ready to (answer the question)． 如果他没有准备好回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。 2．某些使役动词，如：make, let, have等和感官动词，如：see, watch, notice, observe, hear等后面作宾语补足语的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态时，则to不能省略。 We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom. ... ...
~~ 您好，已阅读到文档的结尾了 ~~
