Unit 3 Environmental Protection Ⅲ Learning About Language 课件（共80张）+学案（含答案）+练习（含答案）

Section Ⅲ　　Learning About Language 　　　(语法项目———直接引语和间接引语) 初识语法———在美文运用中体悟　 　　Upon reaching downtown, I met a bum on the street corner. He saw me walking, stopped me and questioned me as I passed by. ①He asked me if I was running away from home, I suppose because I looked so young. ②I told him, “Not exactly, sir.” since my father had given me a ride to the freeway and given me his blessings while saying, ③“It is important to follow your dream and what is in your heart, Son.”④The bum then asked me if he could buy me a cup of coffee. I told him, “No, sir, but a soda would be great.” We walked to a corner shop and sat down while we enjoyed our drinks.After talking for a few minutes, ⑤the friendly bum told me to follow him. ⑥He told me that he had something grand to show me and share with me. We walked a couple of blocks until we came upon the Public Library. ①句为间接引语；　②句为直接引语；　③句为直接引语；　④句为间接引语；　⑤句为间接引语；⑥句为间接引语。 慧学语法———在归纳演绎中学通　 在转述别人说的话时，一般有两种方式：一是直接引述别人的原话，行文中需要将转述内容放在引号中，这叫直接引语；二是用自己的话把别人的话转述出来，这叫间接引语。 间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句；直接引语变间接引语时，人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、标点符号、大小写、语序等都要作相应变化。 一、直接引语变间接引语时的变化 (一)人称的变化　 1．“第一人称随主”原则 如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称而变化。 Mary said，“I want to have a computer of my own.”玛丽说：“我想有一台我自己的电脑。”(直接引语中为第一人称) →Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own. 玛丽说她想拥有一台她自己的电脑。(间接引语中的主语随主句主语改为第三人称) 2．“第二人称随宾”原则 如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。 Her colleague said to her, “Who did you ask for a leave？”她的同事对她说：“你向谁请了假？”(直接引语中为第二人称) →Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave.她的同事问她向谁请了假。(间接引语中的主语随主句宾语改为第三人称) 3．“第三人称不更新”原则 直接引语变间接引语时，如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。 Mr Li said，“Jack is a good worker.” 李先生说：“杰克是一位好工人。”(直接引语中的主语为第三人称) →Mr Li said Jack was a good worker. 李先生说杰克是一位好工人。(间接引语中的人称不变) [对点练]　(将下列句子改为间接引语) ①He said, “I am proud of my motherland.” →　 ②“You are wasting your time day dreaming！” he said to Mary. →　 ③(2022·全国甲卷)“Many people say that we lack culture in this country，” he told me. →　 　 (二)时态的变化　 直接引语变间接引语时，如果主句为过去时态，间接引语的时态则相应向前推一个时态。如下表(以do为例)： 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时(do/does) 一般过去时(did) 现在进行时(am/is/are doing) 过去进行时(was/were doing) 现在完 ... ...