Section Ⅲ Learning About Language (语法项目———复习动词不定式) 初识语法———在美文运用中体悟 To be kind to difficulty① is to be cruel to yourself②.I don't remember who said that.When we are faced with difficulties, our main task is to find out the root of the problem③， and then figure out how to solve the problem.It is not advisable to be afraid of difficulties④ in the face of them.A variety of approaches can help you to move⑤ on.One way is to find someone⑥ to talk to⑦.Secondly, a better way is to look for experienced people⑧ to share your inner thought⑨.In addition, the most effective and direct way is to take immediate action⑩.Only in this way can we overcome the difficulties and move forward. ①④不定式短语作主语； ②③⑥⑧⑩不定式短语作表语； ⑤不定式短语作宾语补足语； ⑦不定式短语作定语； ⑨不定式短语作状语。 慧学语法———在归纳演绎中学通 一、动词不定式的时态和语态 项目 主动 被动 意义 一般式 to do to be done 与谓语动作同时或在其后发生 进行式 to be doing 无 在谓语动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行 完成式 to have done to have been done 在谓语动作之前发生 ①I noticed him go out. 我看见他出去了。(notice与go out同时发生) ②He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run. 他犹豫了一下，然后说他决定不去跑步了。(run的动作在decide后发生) ③The programme, the topic of which will be environmental protection in our daily life, is scheduled to be held next Friday. 这个节目的主题是我们日常生活中的环境保护，定于下周五举行。(hold的动作发生在is scheduled之后) ④I'm very sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time. 我很抱歉让你久等了。(keep发生在be sorry前) [对点练] (用所给词的适当形式填空) ①(2024·浙江1月高考)As I rushed outdoors _____ (empty) the wastepaper baskets, the door swung shut behind me. ②(2023·全国甲卷)For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) _____ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. ③The engine just won't start.Something seems _____ (go) wrong with it. ④He is thought _____ (hide) in the woods now. ⑤Tom pretended not _____ (hear) about the news, but in fact he knew it very well last week. ⑥(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them _____ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. 二、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义 1．动词不定式作定语与被修饰词构成动宾关系时。 We have masses of work to do today.Hurry up! 今天，我们有很多工作要做。快点儿！ 2．在“be＋性质形容词＋动词不定式”结构中。 The water is not fit to drink, so hold out until we get to a shop. 这水不能喝。因此坚持一下，直到我们找到商店。 3．动词不定式与疑问代词连用时。 I'm trying to get her a good gift, but I don't know what to choose. 我想送她一件好礼物，但不知道选什么好。 4．在be to blame, be to let, be to seek 中，常用主动形式表示被动意义。 I felt I was to blame for this bicycle accident. 对于这次自行车事故，我觉得我应该受到责备。 [对点练] (完成句子) ①This machine is _____.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. 这台机器很容易操作。 ... ...
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