高考语法复习： 长难句 导学案（重难点、易错点+高考模拟+强化训练）（含解析）-2026届高三英语复习专项

高考语法复习： 长难句 （重难点、易错点+高考模拟+强化训练） 一、长难句概念与特征 定义：由多重从句嵌套、非谓语动词链、复杂修饰成分（介词短语/形容词短语）等构成的复合句，长度常超过25词，干扰核心信息提取。 例句： The fact that scientists have been unable to recreate the exact conditions of the experiment, which was conducted in a highly controlled environment decades ago, suggests that some variables remain unknown. 结构特征： - 主句主干：The fact... suggests... - 嵌套从句：that scientists... (同位语从句) + which was... (定语从句) + that some... (宾语从句) 二、五大核心句型结构（重难点+易错点） （一）多重嵌套从句 1. 结构特征：主句 + 从句1（内含从句2）→ 通常含宾语从句/定语从句/同位语从句嵌套 2. 练习与解析 ① 原句（巩固）： He argued that the policy which favored multinational corporations over local businesses would eventually harm the economy that the government tried to protect. 主干：He argued that...（主句+宾语从句） 翻译：他认为，这项偏袒跨国公司而非本地企业的政策，最终会损害政府试图保护的经济。 嵌套结构： - 第一层：宾语从句 that the policy... would harm the economy - 第二层：定语从句 which favored...（修饰policy） - 第三层：定语从句 that... protect（修饰economy） ② 进阶练习： Scientists confirmed that the hypothesis which suggested climate change might accelerate species extinction in areas where ecosystems were fragile was supported by new data. 主干：Scientists confirmed that... 翻译：科学家证实，这项认为气候变化可能加速生态系统脆弱地区物种灭绝的假说得到了新数据的支持。 嵌套结构： - 宾语从句：that the hypothesis... was supported - 定语从句：which suggested...（修饰hypothesis） - 宾语从句：climate change might...（作suggested的宾语） - 定语从句：where... fragile（修饰areas） 易错点：混淆suggested的宾语从句层级（误判为修饰hypothesis的定语从句） ③ 高阶练习： The professor emphasized that students who neglect the fact that consistent practice determines their progress often underestimate the effort required to master a skill. 主干：The professor emphasized that... 翻译：教授强调，忽视‘持续练习决定进步’这一事实的学生，常常低估掌握技能所需的努力。 嵌套结构： - 宾语从句：that students... underestimate the effort - 定语从句：who neglect the fact...（修饰students） - 同位语从句：that consistent practice...（解释fact） - 分词短语：required...（后置定语修饰effort） 易错点：将同位语从句that consistent practice... 误判为定语从句 3. 真题变形题（改编自高考） ④ (2021全国卷变形) It is widely believed that the principle that individuals should take responsibility for decisions affecting communities in which they live promotes social harmony. 主干：It is widely believed that... 翻译：人们普遍认为，‘个人应为影响其所居住社区的决定负责’ 这一原则能促进社会和谐。 嵌套结构： - 主语从句：that the principle... promotes...（真正主语） - 同位语从句：that individuals should...（解释principle） - 分词定语：affecting communities...（修饰decisions） - 定语从句：in which they live（修饰communities） ⑤ (2023新高考改编) The report reveals that companies ignoring feedback ... ...