(课件网) Period 4 UNIT 1 FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS主题语境 人与社会———不同民族文化习俗与传统节日 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 动词-ing形式作定语和表语 一、动词-ing形式作定语 1．单个的动词-ing形式作定语，通常位于被修饰词前，其作用为：①表示被修饰词的某种功能或用途；②表示被修饰词正在进行的动作。 a reading room＝a room for reading 阅览室 a working method＝a method for working 工作方法 falling leaves＝leaves that/which are falling 正在落下的叶子 the rising sun＝the sun that/which is rising 冉冉升起的太阳 2．动词-ing形式短语作定语，置于被修饰的名词之后，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，常表示被修饰词正在进行的动作。 The students running along the street are from No.3 Middle School． ＝The students who/that are running along the street are from No.3 Middle School． 正沿街跑步的学生们来自第三中学。 The woman holding a baby in her arms is waiting to see the doctor． ＝The woman who/that is holding a baby in her arms is waiting to see the doctor． 怀抱婴儿的那位妇女正在等着看医生。 [名师点津] (1)一些置于被修饰词前的动词-ing形式表示“令人……的”，它们实际上已转化为形容词。如： surprising news 令人吃惊的消息 an exciting story 一个令人激动的故事 (2)动词-ing形式、过去分词和动词不定式作定语的区别：动词-ing形式作定语表示动作正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词作定语表示被动或完成；动词不定式作定语表示动作尚未或将要发生。 The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother．(表示动作正在进行) 在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。 The problem discussed at the meeting is very important．(表示动作已经完成) 会上讨论过的问题非常重要。 His dream to become an astronaut will come true after he graduates from university．(表示动作将要发生) 大学毕业后，他成为宇航员的梦想就要实现了。 (3)动词-ing形式作定语和被修饰词之间是逻辑上的主动关系，如要表示逻辑上的被动关系，则用动词-ing形式的被动形式即being done。 The man talking to Tim is his uncle． 和蒂姆说话的那个人是他的叔叔。 The topic being discussed at the moment is about music． ＝The topic which/that is being discussed at the moment is about music． 现在正在被讨论的话题是关于音乐的。 [即时训练1] 单句语法填空 ①Among those _____ (take) part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier． ②The topic _____ (discuss) now has drawn some experts' attention． ③The boys _____ (gather) at the school gate are my classmates． ④For its 10th anniversary，as a fan of the English newspaper Youth，I want to share my _____ (read) experience． ⑤The _____ (sleep) baby is my sister's son，who is so lovely that we all love him． taking being discussed gathering reading sleeping 二、动词-ing形式作表语 1．表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。 Our duty is serving the people heart and soul． ＝Serving the people heart and soul is our duty． 我们的职责是全心全意地为人民服务。 2．表明主语的性质和特征，如moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing等。这些词貌似动词-ing形式，其实已转化为形 ... ...
