定语从句语法专项突破（含详解）

定语从句语法专项突破 核心考点聚焦 基本要素 1.概念：如果由一个句子来充当一个词的定语，那么这个句子就被叫做定语从句 2.先行词：被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词 3.关系词（关系代词或者副词）：引导定语从句 He is the best general who makes the fewest mistakes. 1.定语从句who makes the fewest mistakes. 2.先行词the best general 3.关系词who Attention 如何选择关系代词？关系代词的作用是什么？ 1.定语从句关系代词： 先行词是人 先行词是物 作主语 who/ that which/ that 作宾语 (who/ whom/that) (which/ that) 作定语 whose whose 2.关系代词的作用 (1)__引导定语从句_____ (2) ____指代先行词_____ (3) ____在定语从句中充当成分：主语，宾语，定语。_____ ★小试身手★ (1)用关系代词who,whom,that或whose填空。 1)The man____(who/whom/that)_____you met just now is my old friend. 2)The man ____who_____ is walking on the playground is my old friend. 3)She brought with her three friends, none of ___whom_____ I had ever met before. 4)That's the new machine ___whose_____parts are too small to be seen. (2)用who/whom/which/that将下列句子两句并一句。 1)The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago. The boy who was here a minute ago is my younger brother./the boy who/that is my younger brother was here a minute ago. 2)The woman is here now. You were talking about her. The woman( whom/that) you were talking about is here now./ You are talking about the woman who is here now. (3)用whose 将下列句子两句并一句。 1)The man gave me a reward. The man whose wallet I found and returned gave me a reward. The man who was very rich gave me a reward. Men, who abandon their families, are not good. Men who abandon their families are not good 2)Parents are usually very proud. Their children graduate from college. Parents whose children graduate from college are usually very proud. 3)The teacher went to Japan to teach English. I took his class last semester. The teacher whose class I took last semester went to Japan to teach English. Attention whose 后面一定要加一个名词, 然后这个部分共同做主语或宾语。 3.只能使用 that 作关系代词的情况： 先行词为 all, anything, everything, nothing, much, none, little等不定代词时。 There is nothing that can stop him from doing it. 先行词前有last, next, only, very及序数词、最高级等修饰时。 This is the most interesting film (that) was shown last week. This is the second computer (that) my father has just bought. c.当先行词既有人，又有物时。 They talked of things and people that thet remembered. d.当主语是 who 的疑问句: Who is the boy that is playing computer games Attention 以下情况时，who不与that通用。 a)先行词为one(s)/anyone/those时,用who。 b)当先行词有较长定语时用who。 I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could ask me questions in Chinese. c)一个句子中带有两个定语从句，一个定语从句的关系代词是 that，另一个用who。 The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard. d)在there be开头的句中用who。 There is a pretty girl outside who wants to see you. 1.定语从句关系副词 表示时间 when 表示地点 where 表示原因 why Attention 判断关系词是使用代词还是副 ... ...