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课件网) 长难句考情 分析近年高考可知,长难句的比重日益增加。词汇量对于读懂文章固然重要,但句子太长或者句子结构复杂也会成为学生高考取得高分的绊脚石。无论是阅读理解、完形填空还是语法填空都需要辨清句子的主干和修饰成分。英语中长难句的特点往往是结构复杂,逻辑层次多,通常是在主干成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而使句子变长。在高考试题中,英语句子常常以长难句形式出现。 长难句的组成 主干 主干(trunk):是整个句子的骨架,主要指主谓宾结构或主系表结构。 修饰成分 修饰成分(modifier):在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用。这些修饰语有:介词短语、非谓语动词短语、从句等。 修饰成分 (1)介词短语 【起止标识】标记介词短语时,要从介词开始到介词之后的第一个名词终止。如: at home、during my happy childhood、over the last few years、to the destination 【定义】从介词开始到名词结束、表达一个独立的完整的含义的结构。 【例句】(After the long day of work), she returned home, took off her coat and collapsed (onto the couch) (in the living room). 修饰成分 (2)三大从句 【起止标识】标记从句时,一定从关系词开始,到以下四种终止。 【定义】 从句是复合句中不能独立成句,但具有主语部分和谓语部分,由that、who、whom、when、why、where、how、which、if、although, after, before…等关系词引导 ① 到句尾终止,如:Li Hua is a boy (who excels in mathematics). ② 到句中的逗号终止,如:(When I arrived home), it began to rain. ③ 到下一个修饰成分终止,如:I will visit Beijing (which is rich in history and culture) with my family. (with my family是介词短语,属于另一个修饰成分,故从句的标记在此处终止) ④ 到下一个谓语动词终止,如Beijing (which is rich in history and culture) always attracts visitors with its rich history and culture. 修饰成分 (3)非谓语动词短语 【起止标识】标记非谓语动词短语时,一定是从动词不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)或分词(现在分词 doing或过去分词 done)开头,到以下四种情况终止。 【定义】非谓语动词是指动词在句子中“不是谓语”时的几种变化形式,主要包括动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)三类。非谓语动词不能独立作谓语,而是充当句子的其他成分。由非谓语动词开头的、表示一个独立、完整的含义的结构叫做非谓语动词短语。 ①到尾终止,如: Li Hua is a boy (exceling in mathematics). ②到句中的逗号终止,如:(To enhance my language skills), I regularly participate in language exchange meetups. ③到下一个修饰成分终止,如: They doubted his ability (to solve complex problems) in the first place. ( in the first place是介词短语,属于另一个修饰成分,故非谓语的标记在此处终止) ④到下一个谓语动词终止,如: They, (laughing and dancing), enjoyed the evening around t he campfire. 如何快速读懂长难句 “一划 二括 三会意” 一划:划出句子主干(主谓宾、主系表); 二括:括出修饰成分(介词短语、非谓语动词和从句等); 三会意:抓主题,去修饰,按照逻辑理顺句意。 句子的类型 句子可以分为三种类型:简单句、并列句、复合句。 Having suffered a number of health problems, former Olympic President Samaranch died on April 21 in Barcelona. We took pity on the people in the disaster-hit area in Yushu and many students raised money for them. The Internet is an exciting tool that not ... ...