Period 4 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 美文诵读 语法体悟 Titanic，①on which there were more than 2，000 passengers and crew，sailed to the Atlantic ②where there was a big iceberg．Unfortunately，Titanic hit the iceberg at midnight ③when people were asleep，which caused about 1，500 deaths．It is believed that the reason ④why Titanic hit an iceberg was that the crew were too careless． ①为介词on＋which引导的非限制性定语从句，在句中修饰先行词Titanic ②为关系副词where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the Atlantic ③为关系副词when引导的定语从句，修饰先行词midnight ④为关系副词why引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 the reason 关系副词和“介词＋关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句 一、关系副词引导的限制性定语从句 当先行词在定语从句中作状语，即定语从句不缺主语、宾语或者表语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有when，where，why等。关系副词的指代及功能如下： 关系副词 指代的先行词 功能 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词 地点状语 why reason 原因状语 1．关系副词when when引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time，day，week，month，year等)，关系副词when在从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词in/at/on/during．．．＋which”结构。 I will never forget the day when/on which I first saw you． 我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。 2．关系副词where where引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place，room，house，spot，school，country等)，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词in/at/on．．．＋which”。 After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town where/in which he grew up as a child． 在巴黎生活了50年后，他回到了儿时成长的那个小镇。 [温馨提示] 当先行词为situation，case，stage，point，activity，atmosphere等抽象名词，且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时，常用关系副词where引导。 They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other． 他们已经到了必须分手的地步。 3．关系副词why why引导定语从句时，先行词为reason，关系副词why在从句中作原因状语。相当于“for＋which”结构。 Do you know the reason why/for which she is under great stress 你知道她压力很大的原因吗？ 用适当的关系副词填空 ①The reason _____ we Chinese celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival is in honour of Qu Yuan． ②I will attend a family get together this Saturday _____ my brother Tim returns home from Shanghai． ③We have entered into an age _____ dreams have the best chance of coming true． ④I'd like to live in the house _____ there is plenty of sunshine． 二、关系代词和关系副词的判断 表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若关系词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词；若关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则应用关系代词。 Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night？(when作时间状语) 你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？ Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm？(that或which作spent的宾语) 你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？ I don't know the reason why he didn't turn to his good friend for help yesterday．(why作原因状语) 我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友 ... ...
