(课件网) Period ４ UNIT 1 CULTURAL HERITAGE 主题语境 人与社会 ——— 物质文化遗产 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 限制性定语从句 一、关系代词that、which的选择 (一)只用that的情况 1．当先行词是all，much，little，few，everything 等不定代词时。 There is nothing that we can do now． 现在我们什么也做不了。 2．当先行词被the only，the last，the very 等修饰时。 This is the very book that I want． 这正是我想要的书。 3．当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 The present time is the best gift that you can give yourself． 当前的时光是你能给自己的最好的礼物。 4．当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 Don't trust the first sign that you see． 不要相信你看见的第一个迹象。 5．当先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。 My mother and her old friends talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school． 我妈妈和她的老朋友们谈论了一些她们记忆中学校里的人和事。 6．当主句的主语是疑问词which时。 Which is the car that you bought last week 哪辆车是你上周买的？ 7．当先行词是主句的表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。 Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be． 上海不再是过去的那座城市了。 (二)只用which的情况 1．当先行词是that时。 The clock is that which tells the time． 钟是显示时间的。 2．关系代词前有介词时。 It was a crisis for which she was totally unprepared． 这是一场她完全没有防备的危机。 [即时训练1] 用that或which填空 ①The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ____ live within the Giant Panda Range． ②This is one of the most exciting football games ____ I have ever seen． ③This is the only thing ____ we can do now． ④The scientist and his achievements ____ you told me about are admired by us all． ⑤That _____ does not kill us makes us stronger． that that that that which 二、关系代词作动词的间接宾语时需要使用的介词 关系代词作动词的间接宾语时，通常需要用to或for，这两个介词与从句的动词构成习惯搭配。 The girl that Tom gave the dictionary to is very pretty．(give sth．to sb．) 汤姆给她字典的那个女孩很可爱。 I know the boy whom you bought a white hat for．(buy sth．for sb．) 我认识你给他买白帽子的那个男孩。 [名师点津] 在正式文体中，介词位于作间接宾语的关系代词之前。 He is the man to whom I handed my application form． 他就是我把申请表交给的那个男子。 三、关系代词作介词的宾语 关系代词作介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将从句中的介词提到关系代词前，形成“介词＋关系代词”结构。该结构中的关系代词可用which，whom。介词的选用情况如下： 1．根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯来确定。 先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词，它与介词之间有一定的联系。 Do you still remember the days during which we worked together 你还记得我们在一起工作的那些日子吗？ 2．根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定介词。 该动词或形容词常与某些介词构成固定搭配。 The social problem about which the two sides are debating with each other is a very serious one．(debate with sb．about...就……与某人展开辩论) 双方正在展开辩论的社会问题是一个很严重的社会问题。 3 ... ...
