Period 4 单元语法讲练 名词性从句 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 名词性从句的引导词: 连接词:that,if,whether 连接代词:who,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever,how much,how many 连接副词: when,where,why,how,how long,how soon,how often that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义,又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。 一、主语从句 1.用作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。 What we need is more time. 我们所需要的是更多的时间。 Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁将赢得这场比赛还不得而知。 2.有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下: (1)It+be+名词+that从句 (2)It+be+形容词+that从句 (3)It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句 (4)It+不及物动词+that 从句 [即时训练1] 单句语法填空 ①It's no wonder _____he didn't want to go. ②_____the prisoner escaped is a complete mystery. 二、宾语从句 用作句子宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的词与引导主语从句的词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。 1.由连接词that引导的宾语从句 当连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不作任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省略。 He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart. 他说这篇课文非常重要,我们应该背下来。 [名师点津] 在demand,order,suggest,decide,insist,desire,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+动词原形”。 I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。 The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 指挥官命令部队马上出发。 2.who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述句语序。 I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。 3.whether或if引导的宾语从句,其主语和谓语的顺序不能颠倒,仍保持陈述句语序。此外,whether与if作“是否”讲时,在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不能用if: ①引导主语从句并在句首时; ②引导表语从句、同位语从句时; ③引导的从句作介词宾语时; ④从句中有or not时。 Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。 The trouble is whether he can come on time. 问题是他是否能按时来。 Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。 I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。 4.在think,believe,imagine,suppose等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。 We don't think you are here. 我们认为你不在这里。 I don't believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。 [即时训练2] 单句语法填空 ①Kate was interested in _____she had seen at the exhibition. ②Why don't you bring it to his attention _____you're too ill to go on 三、表语从句 用作句子表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句 ... ...