Period 4 单元语法讲练 动词-ing和-ed形式作定语、状语、宾语补足语或表语 一、动词-ing和-ed形式作定语 单个的动词-ing或-ed形式作定语通常位于其所修饰的名词之前;有时也可以放在所修饰的名词之后。如果是动词-ing形式短语或-ed形式短语,就位于所修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。 被修饰的名词就是动词-ing形式(短语)或-ed形式(短语)的逻辑主语。但动词-ing形式与逻辑主语之间是主动关系,所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生;而动词-ed形式则通常表示被动关系,所表示的动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。 The man sitting(=that/who is sitting) in the corner is my brother. 坐在角落的那个人是我的兄弟。 We didn't reach any agreement on the problem discussed(=that/which was discussed). 对那个讨论过的问题,我们没有达成任何协议。 [即时训练1] 单句语法填空 ①Those _____ (wish) to join this club should sign here. ②Most of the people _____(invite) to the party were famous scientists. 二、 动词-ing和-ed形式作状语 动词-ing和-ed形式作状语,常表示时间、原因、方式和伴随状况,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。 Heated (=When it is heated),the metal expands. 金属受热会膨胀。 Being a student (=Because I am a student),I must work hard. 因为我是学生,所以我必须努力学习。 She stood there,waiting for a bus. 她站在那儿在等公共汽车。 He came in,followed by a group of students. 他进来了,后面跟着一群学生。 [即时训练2] 单句语法填空 ①_____(order) over a week ago,the books are expected to arrive any time now. ②The young husband left her,_____(destroy) her life and all her hopes. [名师点津] generally/frankly/strictly speaking,judging by/from,taking everything into account,painted...等属于固定用语,作状语时,其逻辑主语并非句子的主语。 Generally speaking,houses in America are bigger than houses in this country. 一般来讲,美国的房子比这个国家的大一些。 Judging from your accent,you must be from Scotland. 从你的口音判断,你一定来自苏格兰。 Painted white,we like the house better. 当这所房子刷成白色时,我们更喜欢它了。 三、动词-ing和-ed形式作宾语补足语 作宾语补足语时,动词-ing形式表示正在进行的动作或一直处于某种状态,动词-ed形式表示被动动作或已经完成的动作。 We saw him talking to her.(正在进行的动作) 我们看到他正和她谈话。 She kept us waiting here for an hour.(一直处于某种状态) 她让我们在这儿等了一个小时。 Let's have the more difficult questions answered first.(被动动作) 让我们先回答更困难的问题。 We found her greatly changed.(已经完成的动作) 我们发现她发生了很大的变化。 上述句子变为被动语态时,其中的动词-ing或-ed形式作主语补足语。 He was seen talking to her. 有人看到他正和她谈话。 She was found greatly changed. 大家发现她发生了很大的变化。 [即时训练3] 单句语法填空 ①The next morning she found the man _____ (lie) in bed,dead. ②Claire had her luggage _____(check) an hour before her plane left. 四、动词-ing和-ed形式作表语 动词-ing形式作表语时,一种表示主语的性质、特征和状态,其作用相当于形容词;另一种具体说明主语的内容,即主语等同于表语,两者可互换。 动词-ed形式作表语时常位于系动词之后,多用于表示主语的状态或状况,所体现的是形容词的特性。 You ... ...