Period 4 单元语法讲练 近义动词 在英语中有不少动词，它们意思相近，但其真正的意义和用法还是有一定的差别的。 1．近义动词speak, say, tell, talk, chat, whisper, shout, mention, swear, greet (1)speak“说，讲，演讲”，一般用作不及物动词 speak to sb．“跟某人说话”；作及物动词时，宾语常是表示语言的词。 Mr Wu is going to speak at our class meeting． 吴老师将在班会上发言。 (2)say 一般着重讲话的内容，指有连贯性地说话，通常用作及物动词。 I don't know what he said． 我不明白他所说的。 (3)tell指把一件事情传达给别人或讲述一件事情、一个故事等，常用作及物动词。 When I was young, my mother often told me a story in the evening． 在我小时候，妈妈晚上常给我讲故事。 (4)talk “讲，说话，谈话”，与speak的意义相近。 一般用作不及物动词，指一般的谈话或交谈，而不是speak所指的正规的“演讲，发言”；须跟宾语时，与to, with, about 等介词连用。 Our teacher is talking with/to the parents． 我们的老师正在和家长们谈话。 (5)chat指比较随便的闲谈和聊天，是非正式用语。 They chatted casually on the phone． 他们在电话上闲聊。 (6)whisper通常指耳语、窃窃私语。 You'll have to whisper or he'll hear． 你得小点儿声说，否则他会听到的。 (7)shout一般指大喊大叫。 She shouted out in pain when she tried to move her leg． 她想动动腿，结果疼得大叫起来。 (8)mention 表示提到或谈及某事物。 Now that you mention it，she did seem to be in a strange mood． 既然你说到这事儿，她确实好像情绪不大对。 (9)swear是指郑重承诺，极信赖。 I swear by this book for improving my English skills． 我以这本书作为提高英语水平的准则。 (10)greet指用某些语言或动作来表示对某人或某事物的欢迎。 He greeted us with a smile． 他微笑着向我们打招呼。 2．近义动词cry, weep, sob (1)cry指因痛苦、悲哀或伤感等出声地哭。 The baby can cry as soon as he is born． 婴儿生下来就会哭。 (2)weep书面用词，无声地哭，侧重流泪。 She wept her sad fate． 她为自己的悲惨命运而哭泣。 (3)sob强调因为抑郁、悲伤等情绪而产生的抽泣、哭诉。 The child started to sob when he couldn't find his mother． 当这个孩子找不到他妈妈时，他开始抽泣。 3．近义动词answer，reply，respond (1)answer作动词时，表示一般性的“应答”，既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。 I am going to answer her letter this evening． 今晚我将给她回信。 I can't answer offhand． 未经核实我没法回答。 (2)reply在句中用作不及物动词、作“回答”讲时，常用reply to sb．/sth．, 表示“对某人/某事作出回答”；作及物动词时，是“答道；回答说”的意思，后跟直接引语或宾语从句；作名词时，意为“回答，回信，答复”。 She cried ，but didn't reply． 她哭了，但不回答。 Please reply to my question at once． 请立刻回答我的问题。 (3)respond意为“回答，答复”，可用于口头或书面回答，或以具体动作表示答复。 The lecturer briefly responded to my question． 演讲者简短地回答了我的问题。 短文语境填空 In the dimly lit room, Emily held a photograph close to her heart, tears streaming down her face as she 1．_____ (sob) ．She remembered the good times she had shared with her best friend, who had passed away years ago．Suddenly, her phone rang and it was her childhood friend's sister on the line．They 2．_____ (chat) warmly, 3．_____ (mention) shared ... ...
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