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课件网) Welcome Unit Discovering Useful Structures 高中新人教版必修一 1.学会分析英语句子基本结构。 2.识别英语基本句法结构，对长度较长，内容较为丰富的英语句子能够做出正确的理解。 3.为英语句子写作奠定扎实的语法基础。 学 习 目 标 Ⅰ Members of a sentence 定义： 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分 主要成分： 主语、谓语 次要成分： 宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语 是一个句子所叙述的主体，表明动作是“谁，什么”发出的，一般可由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式、主语从句等充当。 1. 主语 (S-subject): The car runs fast. She is kind. Eight is a lucky number in China. Swimming is my favorite. To see is to believe. What we need is time. 名词 动名词 动词不定式 代词 数词 主语从句 He reads a book. The boy likes English. The river flows. The sun rises. 及物动词 及物动词 不及物动词 不及物动词 说明主语的动作或状态，一般由及物动词和不及物动词充当。 2. 谓语 (V-verb)： 表示动作、行为的对象；宾语一般可由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式等充当。 He reads a book. He loves her. He wants three. He likes swimming. She wants to fly. He waits for the chance. He bought her a coat. 名词 代词 数词 动名词 不定式 her：间接宾语；a coat：直接宾语 名词 (介宾) 3. 宾语 (O-object): 用在系动词之后, 说明主语“是什么” “怎么样”；一般可由名词、形容词、动名词、动词不定式、代词、数词、介词短语等充当。 She is a doctor. The cloth feels soft. His favorite sport is running. Your task is to find out the cost. The helper is him. The lucky number in China is eight. She is in the room. 名词 形容词 动名词 代词 不定式 数词 介词短语 4. 表语 (P-predicative)： 状态系动词，表示主语的状态、身份等。常见的系动词有：be 动词 (am, is, are), 半系动词 (stay, keep, turn, remain, get 等)，感官系动词 (feel, smell, taste, sound等)。 I am happy. The day turns long. He gets angry. He seems ill. 系动词 (linking verb): 用来修饰或限制名词或代词的成分; 一般可由形容词、非谓语动词、名词、数词、 冠词、介词短语等充当。 a nice girl three cups something to eat a sleeping baby the burnt food a cat in the room a shoe shop 形容词 现在分词 名词 不定式 数词 介词短语 过去分词 5. 定语 (attribute)： 用来修饰动词, 形容词, 副词或整个句子的成分；说明时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、条件、让步、程度、频率、伴随、目的等; 一般可由副词或介词短语充当。 walk slowly very good quite well He has lived there for ten years. 6. 状语 (adverbial): 用来补充说明宾语的情况。 She encouraged her students to study hard. He gets the floor clean. He saw a bird flying over his head. She thinks him a good teacher. 7. 宾语补足语 (Object complement): Ⅱ Simple sentence 1. The 1000-year-old school lies in the centre of the city. S Activity 1 Read the sentences and analyse the structures. V A 2. We must act. S V 3. The maths homework looks easy. S P 4. The teacher found the classroom empty. S V O C 5. My mum bought me a new dictionary. S Read the sentences and analyse the structures. V DO 6. Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student. S V 7. There is an English Corner at our school. There be ... ...
