【学霸笔记：同步精讲】25 UNIT 3 Section Ⅰ Period 4 课时学案 单元语法讲练 讲义--北师大版英语选择性必修第一册

Period 4　 单元语法讲练 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 一、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的概述 1．限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的一部分，若去掉，主句的内容就不完整，意义也会发生改变。从句和先行词的关系十分密切，从句紧跟先行词，两者之间不可用逗号隔开。 She has found the necklace that she lost two weeks ago． 她找到了那条两周前丢失的项链。 2．非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充说明。没有从句，主句也能独立存在；非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系不是很密切，两者之间可用逗号隔开。 He has two sisters，who are working in the city． 他有两个姐姐，她们在城里工作。 [即时训练1]　单句语法填空 ①At restaurants，we enjoy food_____ we may never take the time to prepare． ②He said that he had never seen her before，_____was not true． 二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 1．从句的作用不同 限制性定语从句对先行词起到修饰限制的作用，是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，一旦省略，主句的内容就不完整。而非限制性定语从句则是对一个概念清楚的先行词进行附加说明，若将其去掉，主句的内容仍然完整。 The next day，my brother and I went to the beach where we watched some people play volleyball． 第二天，我和弟弟去了海边。在那里，我们看到一些人在打沙滩排球。 Alice received a letter from her former classmate，which came as a surprise． Alice收到了她以前同学的一封信，这真是件令人惊奇的事情。 [即时训练2]　单句语法填空 ①I wish to thank Professor Smith，without_____ help I would never have got this far． ②Life is like a long race_____ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves． ③Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old_____ they swam in it． ④English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of_____ uses it differently． 2．关系词的选用不同 限制性定语从句可以用关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which，关系副词when，where，why等引导，而非限制性定语从句不可用that或why来引导(上述引导词除了这两者以外均可用来引导非限制性定语从句)。 Yesterday he bought a new car，which was made in China． (which不可换用that)昨天他买了一辆新车，是中国生产的。 He didn't give the reason，which explained his absence from the meeting held last week． (which不可换用why，因为which在定语从句中作主语，而why只能在定语从句中作状语。此句也可以这样表达：He didn't give the reason，for which he was absent from the meeting held last week．)对于缺席上周的会议，他没有给出理由。 [即时训练3]　补全句子 ①This novel，_____(我已经读过三遍)，is very touching． ②I had told them the reason，_____(为此我没有去开会)． 3．从句所修饰的先行词不同 限制性定语从句的先行词通常是名词、代词或词组，而非限制性定语从句的先行词除了名词、代词外，还可以是句子。 This is the best book that I have ever read． 这是我曾经读过的书中的最好的一本。 He won the first prize in the contest，which was more than we expected． 他在比赛中得了一等奖，这一点真出乎我们预料。 [即时训练4]　单句语法填空 ①Take time to search for the music_____ you love and play it gently in the background． ②They can make decisions for themselves，_____they learn from their environment and the people around them． 4．关系词的省略不同 在限制性定语从 ... ...