单元小测(Unit 2) Ⅰ.1.had been cancelled 2.necessities 3.be equipped 4.faced 5.to promote 6.accessible 7.considerate 8.on 9.it 10.to Ⅱ.1.Occupied with 2.switch on/turn on 3.throw in the towel 4.in control of 5.are responsible for 6.put aside 7.lose his temper 8.up to Ⅲ.1.if necessary 2.sat a young woman 3.to start up/set up his own company 4.it was because of his strong interest in literature that 5.Every spring sees/witnesses Ⅳ.【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章阐述了头脑风暴经常不起作用的原因,提出了改进的方式———脑力写作法”。 1.A 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“When we’re facing a complex problem, we often gather a group to brainstorm. We’re looking to get the best ideas as quickly as possible. We love seeing it happen—except for one problem.”可知,当我们面对一个复杂的问题时,我们往往会用头脑风暴解决它。我们试图通过头脑风暴尽快得到最好的主意,但是它也有一个问题。画线词所在句承接上文,阐述头脑风暴的缺点。再根据第二段“Extensive evidence shows that when we generate ideas together, we fail to maximize collective intelligence.”可知,头脑风暴很多时候无法最大限度地发挥集体智慧,最终以失败告终。由此推知,backfires 与fails意思一致。故选A。 2.B 推理判断题。根据第二段“Extensive evidence shows that when we generate ideas together, we fail to maximize collective intelligence. Brainstorming groups fall so far short of their potential that we get more ideas—and better ideas—if we all work alone. As the humorist Dave Barry quipped (打趣),‘If you had to identify, in one word, the reason why the human race has not achieved, and never will achieve, its full potential, that word would be: “meetings”.’” (大量证据表明,当我们一起思考时,我们无法最大限度地发挥集体智慧。头脑风暴小组远远没有发挥出他们的潜力,如果我们都单独工作,我们会得到更多、更好的想法。正如幽默作家Dave Barry打趣的那样:“如果你必须用一个词来说明人类没有、也永远不会实现其全部潜力的原因,这个词就是‘会议’。”)可知,作者首先指出,头脑风暴无法最大限度地发挥集体智慧。然后作者引用幽默作家Dave Barry的话来佐证上面的观点。故作者在第二段提到Dave Barry是为了说明头脑风暴的缺点。故选B。 3.D 推理判断题。根据第三段“To unearth the hidden potential in teams, instead of brainstorming, we’d better turn to a process called ‘brainwriting’. The initial steps are solo. You start by asking everyone to generate ideas separately. Next, you pool them and share them anonymously (匿名地) among the group. To preserve independent judgement, each member evaluates them on their own. Only then does the team come together to select and refine (完善) the most promising options. By developing and assessing ideas individually before choosing and stating them, teams can discover and advance possibilities that might not get attention otherwise.” (为了挖掘团队隐藏的潜力,我们最好采用一种叫作“脑力写作”的方法,而不是头脑风暴。最初的步骤是独自完成的。你首先要求每个人分别提出想法。接下来,你将它们汇集在一起并在组中匿名共享。为了保持独立的判断,每个成员都自己评估。直到这时,团队才聚集在一起选择和完善最有希望的选项。通过 ... ...
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