单元小测(Unit 5) Ⅰ.1.to withdraw 2.Seeing 3.harmonious 4.employee 5.being rejected 6.reluctantly 7.departure 8.depressive Ⅱ.1.In contrast to 2.draw;from 3.in return for 4.responded/responds to 5.took it for granted that 6.go through 7.devote ourselves to 8.opposed to Ⅲ.1.so angry that 2.it takes great courage to refuse 3.As was expected 4.We are amazed to find 5.only through this art of living that Ⅳ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了早期人类是否可能通过类似冬眠的状态来度过严冬的假设,并基于化石研究和专家论文提出了这一观点。文章还提到哺乳动物冬眠的生理机制,以及早期人类可能如何适应严酷环境等。 1.C 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Bears have specialized metabolic (新陈代谢的) processes to protect them from this extended sleep, but sometimes this process doesn’t quite go to plan. For example, hibernators can end up with a host of diseases after hibernation if they don’t get enough food reserves before they go down for the winter. The researchers believe this may have been the circumstance of some human ancestors whose remains with deep cracks in bones were discovered in a Spanish cave called Sima de los Huesos.”(熊有专门的新陈代谢过程来保护它们免受长时间睡眠的影响,但有时这个过程并不完全按计划进行。例如,如果冬眠动物在冬眠前没有得到足够的食物储备,它们可能会在冬眠后患上一系列疾病。研究人员认为,这可能是一些人类祖先的情况,他们的骨头上有很深的裂缝的遗骸是在一个名为Sima de los Huesos的西班牙洞穴中发现的。)可推测,作者在第二段中提到冬眠的动物如果在进入冬眠前没有储存足够的食物,可能会在冬眠结束后患上许多疾病。这个例子是为了展示研究者做出关于人类祖先的遗骸情况推断的依据。故选C。 2.B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In a paper published in L’Anthropologie, two experts argue that the fossils found in Sima de los Huesos show seasonal variations that suggest that bone growth got interrupted for several months of each year.”(在《人类学》杂志上发表的一篇论文中,两位专家认为,在Sima de los Huesos发现的化石显示出季节变化,这表明骨骼生长每年会中断几个月。)可知,这些在西班牙洞穴中发现的骨头的生长由于某种原因暂时中断。故选B。 3.A 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“‘This suggests that the genetic basis and physiology for such slow metabolism could be preserved in many mammalian species including humans,’state Arsuaga and Bartsiokas.”可推知,Arsuaga 和 Bartsiokas认为人类冬眠是相当有可能的。故选A。 4.D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“However, Chris Stringer of the Natural History Museum in London pointed out that large mammals such as bears do not actually hibernate, because their large bodies cannot lower their core temperature enough. Instead, they enter a less deep sleep known as torpor. In such a condition, the energy demands of the brains of the Sima people would have remained very large, creating an additional survival problem for them during torpor.”(然而,伦敦自然历史博物馆的Chris Stringer指出,像熊这样的大型哺乳动物实际上并不真正冬眠,因为它们庞大的身体不足以降低它们的核心温度。而它们会进入一种不那么深度的睡眠,被称为“麻木”。在这种情况下,Sima人的大脑 ... ...
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