Unit 11 Conflict And Compromise 单元小测(含解析）高中英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修 第四册

单元小测(Unit 11) Ⅰ.1.loosen　2.greedily　3.assigned　4.working　5.firmly 6.appreciation　7.from　8.to　9.in　10.At Ⅱ.1.apologise for　2.put forward　3.are more likely to 4.dozens of　5.benefit from Ⅲ.1.Having wandered aimlessly in the street for hours 2.Disabled (person) as he is　3.to spread Chinese culture and communicate with the outside world　4.It was only then that 5.Travelling to different countries and immersing oneself in Ⅳ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了竞争在人类行为中的根源,指出心理学界对竞争天性与后天性的争议。通过引用不同学者观点,如弗洛伊德、霍布斯、达尔文及人类学家米德的研究,说明竞争并非人类行为不可避免的结果,而是文化塑造的产物,其重要性视具体社会价值观而定。 1.A　推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容可知,作者认为当代生活许多领域中普遍存在的是人类动力的起源,即竞争。故选A。 2.A　词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中的“Thomas Hobbes, one of the great philosophers of the seventeenth century, is perhaps best remembered for his characterization of the ‘natural world’, that is, the world before the introduction of the will of humanity, as being unpleasant and short…Darwin said in The Origin of Species that the struggles he was describing should be viewed as metaphors and couldn’t be separated from dependence and cooperation.”可知,文章引用了托马斯·霍布斯和查尔斯·达尔文的理论,指出人们普遍持有的关于“自然世界”和“适者生存”的观念可能存在问题,人类学家的研究暗示了之前对于竞争在人类行为中角色的观点可能是错误的。a fallacy的含义为“一种谬论,一个错误的想法”。a false idea一个错误的想法;a hard nut一个棘手的问题;a losing battle一场失败的战斗;a mixed blessing喜忧参半。故选A。 3.C　推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“Darwin said in The Origin of Species that the struggles he was describing should be viewed as metaphors and couldn’t be separated from dependence and cooperation.”可知,这表明生存斗争中包含了相互支持的成分。故选C。 4.D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“After studying dozens of such cultures, Mead’s final conclusion was that competitiveness is a culturally created aspect of human behaviour, and that its popularity in a particular society is relative to how that society values it.”可知,人们对待竞争的态度实际上与文化有关。故选D。 Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了红树林因高效吸碳被视为地球最佳碳海绵,但其遭砍伐影响碳吸收并释放土壤碳。Mikoko Pamoja项目在肯尼亚开展,是为了保护红树林,成功转化蓝碳为经济项目,有效减少非法伐木和偷猎,创造就业岗位,提升环保意识,改善生态,获得广泛认可。 1.have been regarded　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语since last century可知,句子应用现在完成时,动词regard与主语they构成被动关系,故用被动语态,they作主语,助动词用have。故填have been regarded。 2.cutting　考查非谓语动词。动名词短语作主语,故填cutting。 3.releases　考查时态和主谓一致。描述事物的一般情况且与prevents并列,句子应用一般现在时,it作主语,谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填releases。 4.the　考查冠词。序数词前应用定冠词,故填the。 5.stored　考查非谓语动词。空处在句中作后置定语,动词store与被修饰词blue carbon构成逻辑上的被动关系,故用过去分词形式。故 ... ...