【学霸笔记】25　Unit 4　Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Using language) 讲义 外研版高中 选择性必修一（学生版+教师版）

Period 4　 单元语法讲练(Using language) 非谓语动词作表语 美文诵读 语法体悟 Jimmy and Mason were friends．Jimmy's job was ①working on the farm while Mason's job was ②serving as a manager in a big company．Jimmy's work was very ③interesting and he was very ④relaxed and happy every day．He was ⑤delighted to lead a peaceful life，though he had no money．However，though earning a lot of money，Mason was extremely ⑥stressed every day．He was always ⑦worried that someone was ⑧to break into his house and steal his money．He was ⑨tired of his life．How he envied Jimmy！ 语段中的斜体部分均在句中作表语，其中①②③是动词-ing形式在句中作表语；④⑤⑥⑦⑨是动词-ed形式在句中作表语；⑧是动词不定式在句中作表语。 一、动词不定式(短语)作表语 1．动词不定式作表语时表示预定将要发生的动作，或表示未来的可能性或假设。 You must speak out，if we are to remain friends． 如果我们还想继续做朋友的话，你必须说出来。 2．当主语是aim，purpose，idea，plan，wish，decision，choice等词时，常用不定式作表语。 His wish is to be a doctor in the future． 他的愿望是将来当一名医生。 3．动词不定式有时还可以放在seem，appear，prove等系动词后作表语。 He seemed not to notice the man next to him． 他似乎没有注意到他旁边的那个人。 4．动词不定式作表语时，如果前面有实义动词do，does，did或不定式to do，作表语的不定式常省略to。 What I want to do most in senior high is (to) improve my English． 我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。 [名师点津]　(1)在what引导的主语从句中，如果do用于完成时态，可以用带to或不带to的不定式作表语；也可以用动词-ed形式作表语。 What he has done is (to) spoil/spoilt the whole thing． 他所做的是要把整个事情毁掉。 (2)在what引导的主语从句中，如果do用于进行时态，作表语的动词要用动词-ing形式。 What he is doing is spoiling the whole thing． 他正在做的是把整个事情毁掉。 单句写作 ①(应用文写作之人物介绍)他的工作是坐在钢琴师旁边，翻动乐谱的页码。 His job is _____ beside the pianist and _____ the pages of the score． ②(应用文写作之建议信)如果你想要成功，就必须有耐心和毅力。 You must be patient and persistent if _____． ③(读后续写之人物描写)她要照顾孩子们。 She is _____. ④我们必须要做的是完成最后一点工作。 What we have to do is _____ the last bit of work． ⑤(应用文写作之活动介绍)这次活动的目的是为医疗用品筹集资金。 The purpose of the occasion was _____ for medical supplies． 二、动词-ing形式作表语 1．动词-ing形式作表语时，多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容，句子主语常是无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句。 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible． ＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job． 她的工作是尽可能使报告厅保持干净。 What I hate most is being laughed at in public． ＝Being laughed at in public is what I hate most． 我最痛恨的就是在公共场合被别人嘲笑。 2．一些动词-ing 形式的词已经形容词化，作表语时具有形容词的性质，可以用副词修饰，也可以构成比较级形式，能够说明主语的性质、特征等。常见的此类词汇有：moving，convincing，interesting，entertaining，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing ... ...