【学霸笔记】32　Unit 5　Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Using language) 讲义 外研版高中 选择性必修一（学生版+教师版）

Period 4　 单元语法讲练(Using language) 过去完成时 美文诵读 语法体悟 I usually get to school early but yesterday was an exception．By the time I got up，my father had gone into the bathroom，so I had to wait．Then，I had a quick breakfast and ran to the bus stop．Unluckily，when I got there，the bus had just left．How upset I was！I had no choice but to walk to school．As a result，hardly had I run into my classroom when the bell rang．What an unforgettable morning！ 短文中的斜体部分都用了过去完成时态，其构成是had＋过去分词，表示该动作发生在过去的过去。 一、过去完成时的构成和用法 1．构成 肯定式 had＋过去分词 否定式 had not/never/hardly＋过去分词 疑问式 had (not)＋主语＋过去分词 被动式 had been＋过去分词 2．用法 (1)表示在过去某个时间或动作之前就已经发生的动作，通常简称为“过去的过去”。句中常有by，by the end of等介词(短语)或by the time，before，when，until等引导的时间状语从句，也可以通过一个表示过去的动作或上下文来表示。 —Did you have difficulty finding Ann's house ———你们在找到安的家这方面有困难吗？ —Not really．She had given us clear directions and we were able to find it easily． ———算不上难。她已经给了我们她家的清楚的方位，我们能够容易地找到它。 By the end of 2024，he had collected more than a thousand foreign stamps． 到2024年年底，他已经收集了一千多枚外国邮票。 (2)表示发生在过去某个动作或时刻之前的动作，一直延续到过去的另一个时间，常与for，since等词连用。 It had been very windy for a few hours and it had rained for two days． 风已刮了好几个小时，雨已下了两天。 单句语法填空 ①When I got to school I found that my classmate had left (leave)． ②The man said that he had written (write) about 300 pieces of music． ③John and Jane had known (know) each other for a long time before they got married． ④Instead of getting down to a new task as I had expected (expect)，he examined the previous work again． ⑤He had hoped (hope) to catch the 8：00 bus，but found it gone． ⑥The twins，who had finished (finish) their homework，were allowed to play badminton on the playground． 二、过去完成时在几个重点句型中的应用 1．在“no sooner...than...”“hardly...when...”句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。 No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain． 我刚到家就开始下雨了。 Hardly had the storm stopped when the children ran out to play in the yard． 暴风雨刚一停，孩子们就跑到院子里去玩了。 2．在“It was the first/second/...time that...”句型中，that从句用过去完成时。 It was the first time that I had chatted online in English． 那是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。 3．在“It was＋一段时间＋since...”句型中，since从句用过去完成时。 It was at least three months since I had left Beijing． 我离开北京至少有3个月了。 4．by the time ＋表示过去的从句＋主句(过去完成时)。 by the end of ＋表示过去的时间＋主句(过去完成时)。 By the time I got to the station，the train had already gone． 我到车站时，火车已经开走了。 By the end of last term we had learnt about 500 English words． 到上学期期末为止，我们已经学了大约500个英语单词。 5．表示“意愿、打算”的动词如hope ... ...