2026年译林版中考英语基础知识梳理：特殊句型讲义

2026中考英语基础知识梳理：特殊句型 一、There be 句型 （一）概念 用以表示 “某地（或某时）存在某人（或某物）”。 （二）结构 1. 肯定式：There be + 主语 + 其他 例：There is a new bookstore near our school. / There aren't any books in the desk. 2. 一般疑问句：Is/Are there + 主语 + 其他？ 例：—Is there an apple in the basket —Yes, there is. / No, there isn't. / —Are there any apples in the basket —Yes, there are. / No, there aren't. 3. 特殊疑问句：How many... are there... 等 例：How many athletes are there at the stadium （三）时态 1. 一般现在时：There is/are... 例：There is a lake between the two villages. 2. 一般将来时：There is going to be... / There will be... 例：There is going to be a sports meet in April. / There will be more trees in the park in 10 years. 3. 现在完成时：There have/has been... 例：There have been some stories about the monster recently. （四）注意点 1. There be + 名词 + 介词短语（表 “某地有某物”） 例：There should be some chairs in the room for us to take a rest. 2. There be + 名词 + doing/to do（表动作或状态） 例：There is a man sleeping on the bench. / There are a lot of things to do this weekend. 3. There be 句型的主谓一致（遵循 “就近原则”） 例：There is a book and two pens on the floor. / There are two pens and a book on the floor. 4. 否定句 含 some 的肯定句变否定句时，some 变 any 例：There are some empty bottles in the fridge. → There aren't any empty bottles in the fridge. 含 many/much 的肯定句变否定句时，常用 few/little 替换 例：—Are there many books over there —There are few. 二、There be 句型相关拓展 1. Don't lose heart, Tom. There is always a way out. 2. In my hometown, children there like to fly kites in the morning. (2024 江苏苏州 完形填空) 三、感叹句 （一）概念 用于表达强烈情感（喜、怒、哀、乐等），由what或how引导，句末用感叹号。 （二）结构 1. what 引导： What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + (主语 + 谓语)! 例：What a beautiful girl she is! What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + (主语 + 谓语)! 例：What wonderful ideas they are! What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + (主语 + 谓语)! 例：What bad weather it is! 2. how 引导： How + 形容词 / 副词 + (主语 + 谓语)! 例：How clever the boy is! / How fast he runs! How + 主语 + 谓语！（强调主语本身） 例：How time flies! 四、祈使句 （一）概念 表示请求、命令、建议等，主语常省略（多为 you），谓语用动词原形。 （二）结构 1. 肯定式： 动词原形开头 例：Please pass me the book over there. / Look out! Be + 形容词 / 名词 例：Be careful! / Be a good student! Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 例：Let's go to the park. / Let me help you. 2. 否定式： Don't + 动词原形 例：Don't smoke inside the restaurant! No + 动名词 / 名词 例：No smoking! / No photos! Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 例：Let him not go there alone. 五、强调句 （一）概念 用于强调句子的某个部分（主语、宾语、状语等）。 （二）结构 It is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分 例：It is in the library that I met Joey for the first time. （三）注意 若被强调部分是人，that 可换 who；若表 “正是……”，用 It is/was... that... 例：It was Susan who made the fina ... ...