情态动词 （讲义）-2026届高考英语复习专项

语法专练：情态动词（整理） 一、情态动词常考基本用法 1. can/could 表能力, 可用于肯定句， 表示理论上的可能性，表示笼统的时间中事物的特征 Anybody who wants to try can be successful. Scotland can be very warm in September. can/could/may/might表示许可和请求 在日常生活中，表示"允许"；could 可以代替can用来表示现在时间的动作，但语气较为婉转，表请求。 Can/Could I use your pen 　　　　 (could 比can更客气，语气更委婉) Yes, you can. ( 回答时不能说成could) Can I 。。。？ 与 Shall I 。。。？ 区别 Shall I。。。？ 更侧重主动提出建议或征求对方是否需要自己做某事的意见 Can I 。。。？更侧重询问是否行，是否允许，最好是肯定回应 can习惯短语：cannot…too/adj er 　越…越好，再…也不为过 cannot but do 不得不 cannot help but do 不得不 I cannot recommend this movie too highly. 我强烈推荐此电影 You cannot be too careful. 你越仔细越好。 I cannot but do so. 我不得不干 2. may用于祈使句，表"祝愿" May you both be happy！祝你们俩幸福！ May you succeed！ 祝你成功！ may习惯搭配： may /might as well　　还是…的好, 还不如 You may as well give him the letter. 你还是把信给他为好。 I might as well stay at home tonight. 我今晚还是呆在家里吧。 3. must表示说话人主观认为的"必须"，而have/has to表示客观的需要，也可译为"不得不" 。 must not=mustn't　　表示禁止，"不许"，"一定不能" 。 do not have to =don't have to "不必" must 用于疑问句时，肯定回答用must, 否定回答用need not 或don't have/need to I really must stop smoking. You mustn't go now. You don't have to go now. Must I hand in my paper now 　　Yes, you must. (No, you needn't. 或No, you don't have to. ) must用在反意疑问句中 在反意疑问句中，附加部分要和陈述部分的情态动词或主要动词在意思上相呼应，使用情况各有不同：当陈述部分中的must作"必须，一定要"讲时，附加部分用mustn't 或needn't; 当must表推测，作"一定是，准是"讲时，附加部分要根据must后的原形动词选用相对应的形式。 He must work hard at English, mustn't he 他必须努力学习英语，是吧？ You must renew the book, needn't you 你必须续借这本书，对不对？ He must be a teacher, isn't he 他准是一名教师，是吗？（不说mustn't） You must have studied English for many years, haven't you He must have arrived here yesterday, didn't he must表示"偏偏" The car must break down just when we were about to start off. 我们正要出发时偏偏车又坏了。 4. will 和would表意愿、决心 I will never do it again. 我再也不做那种事了。 will/would 表示事物的某种性质和倾向，“注定会” Oil will float on water. The engine won’t start. 5. would 可表示过去的习惯动作 “过去常常” He would sit there for hours sometimes, doing nothing at all. 6. shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句，表示说话人征询对方意见或请求指示。 用于第二、第三人称，表示意愿、期望、允诺、命令、强制、警告、威胁等语气， Where shall I put my bag 我把包放在哪里好呢？ You shall keep your room in order. 你须保持房间整洁。（表命令） He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。（表警告） shall用于法律条文中，一般用shall表义务和规定 The rules shall take effect on Jan. 1st. 7. should有时可表达说话人感彩，表达意外和不满，"竟然，竟会" Why should you be so late 为什 ... ...