
初中英语语法考点全解 unit16 动词的非谓语形式 动词的非谓语形式(又称非谓语动词)不能独立充当谓语,但具备动词的其他特点。非谓语动词可以在句中充当主语、宾语、状语等句子成分。动词的非谓语形式主要有三种:动词不定式、动词的-ing形式和动词的-ed形式。 动词不定式 不定式的基本形式为“to+动词原形”。动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语一起构成的短语叫做不定式短语。不定式有不同的形式,下面以do为例进行说明。 White is my role model, and I want to be a teacher like her in the future. 怀特是我的榜样,将来我想成为像她那样的老师。 (2024北京) Dogs need to be taken care of. 狗需要有人照料。 (2024天津) She tried calming him down but it seemed to be having the opposite effect. 她试图使他平静下来,但似乎起了反作用。 I seem to have left my book at home. 我好像把书忘在家里了。 I was honored to have been mentioned in his speech. 他在讲话中提到了我,真是荣幸。 They are supposed to have been living here. 他们应该一直住在这里。 不定式的基本特征 1. 不定式通常带to,但在有些情况下不带to,常见的动词不定式不带to的情况有下面几种: (1)使役动词(如let、make、have)和感官动词(如see、hear、feel、watch、notice、look at、listen to)后常跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。如: The smell made me feel sleepy. 那种气味让我昏昏欲睡。 We often heard her sing in the next room. 我们经常听到她在隔壁唱歌。 (2)had better、would rather、may/might as well、rather than等后的不定式不带to。 They would rather stay far away from it. 他们宁愿远离它(院子)。 (2024云南) After the outbreak of the COVID-19, Gao and his wife decided to stay in Beijing rather than return to Ningxia. 新型冠状病毒爆发后,高(高治晓)和他的妻子决定留在北京,而不是回宁夏。 (3) help后接带to或不带to的不定式均可。 He hopes to help other children like him to learn how to dance and feel its joy. 他希望能帮助其他像他一样的孩子学习舞蹈,感受舞蹈的乐趣。 (2025山东青岛) We aim to help you become a well-rounded person. 我们的目标是帮助你成为一个全面发展的人。 (2025湖南长沙) 2. 不定式保留了动词的一些特征,可以有自己的宾语和状语。如: My mother often tells me it’s impolite to hit an empty bowl with chopsticks. 我妈妈经常告诉我用筷子敲打空碗是不礼貌的。 (2024四川成都) What did people do to communicate in ancient times 在古代,人们是怎样交流的? (2024浙江杭州) 不定式的句法功能 动词不定式可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等。 1. 作主语 (1)不定式可以直接作主语。一个动词不定式单独作主语时,句子的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如: To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。 To get up early is necessary. 早起是有必要的。 (2)很多时候会用it作形式主语,而把不定式这个真正的主语放到句子的后部,以使主语看上去不至于太长,避免头重脚轻的现象。常见的这类句式有: ① It+be+名词+to do It’s an honor to be invited here. 很荣幸被邀请到这里。 It was my fifth time to visit the beautiful TangYue Village in Pingba county. 这是我第五次来美丽的平坝塘约村。 (2024贵州安顺) ② It+takes (+sb.)+some time+to do It took me more than one hour to do my homework yesterday. 昨天我花了一个多小时做作业。 It would take at least 21 months to reach Mars, learn a ... ...
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