Unit 2 Getting along 语法讲义-现在完成时（二）（含答案）外研版（2024）英语八年级上册

U2 Getting along语法讲义-现在完成时（二） 语法复习 定义 1. 2. 3. 标志词 句子结构 肯： 否： 疑： 过去分词变化规则 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 完成时与 过去时区别 教材原句 The Giant has been away for a long time.巨人外出了很长一段时间。 Since then，he hasn't seen a child there.自那以后，他再也没在那见到一个孩子。 语法要点 这两个句子都使用了现在完成时，谓语由“has/have+动词的过去分词”构成。现在完成时在句中表示某一行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在，与for a long time 和 since then 这两个时间状语连用。 语法讲解 在本单元，我们要学习现在完成时的另一种用法:表示某个行为或状态从过去某时间一直持续到现在。在这个用法中，现在完成时常与for或since 引导的时间状语连用。要注意，for后接一段时间，如 for a long time, for months,for two weeks 等;而 since 后多接时间点，如 since then,since 2022,since last Monday等。 eg：I have lived here for five years.我在这里已经住了五年。 I have waited for the bus for twenty minutes.我等公交车已经等了二十分钟。They have been good friends since high school.他们从高中起就是好朋友。 She has been more confident since she joined the drama club.自从她加入戏剧社后，就变得更自信了。 since和for用法 例句 用法 Li Wei has worked in the factory for three years. Jim has taught guitar since 2003. Emma has been married since two years ago. Mia has been a nurse since she finished her studies. 总结：for强调 ；since强调 ，经常用于 结构。 Exercise I. 用since和for填空 1) two years 2) two years ago 3) last month 4) 1999 5) yesterday 6) 4 o’clock 7) 4 hours 8) an hour ago 9) we were children 10) she left here 11) He has lived in Nanjing the year before last. 12) I’ve known him we were children. 13) Our teacher has studied Japanese three years. 14) It’s about ten years she left the city. 延续性动词VS非延续性动词 eg：His father died in 1992. 他父亲于1992年去世。（断气的一瞬间） → His father has been dead for many years. 他父亲去世很多年了。（死亡的状态） eg：He bought a house in 2005. 他在2005年买了一套房子。（交房的一瞬间） → He has had a house since 2005.自从2005年他就有一套房子。（拥有的状态） 在英语中，按其动作发生的方式以及动作发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词（短暂性动词/瞬间性动词）。 延续性动词表示 如read，live，study，work 非延续性动词表示 如come，arrive，go，leave 在完成时中，如果要和表示段时间的状语连用，需要把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。 eg：The Giant has left for a long time.→ The Giant has been away for a long time. He has come for two hours.→He has been here for two hours. 常见短暂性动词和延续性动词转换 非延续性动词 延续性动词 非延续性动词 延续性动词 buy become borrow open leave close arrive/reach/get/move get married come/go get up begin/start come back stop/finish/end fall asleep die go out join catch a cold lose put on 但是，在否定句中，非延续性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。 eg：She hasn’t come to school for a week,她已经一周没来上学了。 如果想知道某事到现在已持续了多长时间，要用 how long 来提问，而不能用 when。 eg：How long have you lived here 你住在这里有多久了 How long have they been friends 他们成为朋友已经多久了 Exercise Ⅱ. 按要 ... ...