2025年中考英语语法核心点详解part1名词和冠词

初中英语语法核心点详解 part 1 名词和冠词 1. 名词的种类 依数分 可数名词 单数名词 --名词前加 a an 复数名词 --名词后加 s es 不可数名词--只有单数形式，且不可加a/an 依种类分 普通名词、集合名词（可数名词） 抽象名词、物质名词、专有名词（不可数名词） School begins in September. 不可数，抽象指上学 There are three schools in this town. 可数 go to school 不可数，抽象指上学 go to the school 可数，指学校这个地方 普通名词 如: book, pencil, dog, spaceship宇宙飞船 例如1.鲸鱼是哺乳动物。 Whales are mammals. = A whale is a mammal. = The whale is a mammal. 例如2. I met a boy. The boy had a ball in his hands. 集合名词 单数,复数都可以 family家庭；家人, audience听众 class班级；同学, club俱乐部；会员 company公司；职员 crew机组；机组人员 crowd群众；government政府 public大众, staff职员, team团队 例如1. His family is a big one. 家庭 His family are all tall. 家人 例如2. My family is large. 我家是一个大家庭。 My family are all early risers. 我家人都起的很早。 例如3. Our team has won the championship. 我队 The team were all excited. 队员 复数形 police, cattle, people, poultry (n.) 家禽 cattle 牛群; cow 母牛; bull 公牛; ox阉公牛 one person, two persons/people a policeman, two policemen 例如1. The police have caught him. 例如2. Many people were angry at the case. 单数形 …类，只有单数 baggage行李类, clothing服装类, furniture家具类 machinery机械类, merchandise商品类, poetry诗类, scenery风景类 重点：特殊的集合名词 Fruit 1. 水果总称：用不加冠词的单数形 fruit 2. 水果种类→一种: a fruit 两种以上: fruits a kind of fruit, two kinds of fruits 3. 成果,结果→fruits 例如1. Do you eat much fruit？ 例如2. The potato is not a fruit but a vegetable. 一种水果 例如3. His success was the fruits of hard work. Fish 1. 表数量 一条鱼: a fish 两条以上: fish 2. 种类 一种: a fish 两种以上: fishes 3. 鱼肉Fish 例如1. I caught three fish yesterday. 例如2. There are a lot of fishes living in the sea. 很多种鱼 People 1. 人们 people（复数） 2. 国民,民族（可数） a people, two peoples, … 例如1. Ten people were injured in the accident. 意外死亡 be killed 例如2. The Chinese are said to be an industrious people. industry n.工业；勤勉 industrial adj. 工业的 industrious adj. 勤勉的 Hair 1. 全部头发/毛发/汗毛（不可数） hair 2. 一根根（可数） a hair/hairs 例如1. She has thick hair. 例如2. He pulled out two white hairs. 两根白发 抽象名词 kindness, beauty, honesty, love, patience, happiness, music 一般用不加冠词的单数形 例如1. I like music. 例如2. This is important information. 表“程度”--可加much, any, some, a little, little等 例如1. I have little hope of succeeding. 例如2. I have a lot of homework to do. homework 作业类,总称 表“限定”--可加the 例如1. Necessity is the mother of invention. 那个抽象的妈妈→限定的妈妈(类) 需要为发明之母。 例如2. You should know the difficulty of learning how to drive a car. 学开车的困难→限定的困难(类) 数抽象名词时--用 a piece of/ an item of 例如1. He gave me a wonderful piece of advice. 注意wonderful的位置 A piece of wonderful advice. (×) two pieces of advice 例如2. She sent us an ... ...