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课件网) 专题10非谓语动词之动词不定式 目录 01. 一、动词不定式概念 02. 二、动词不定式的形式及语态 03. 三、动词不定式在句子中的作用 04. 四、不定式的特殊用法 05. 五、动词不定式能力提升练 06. 六、动词不定式能力提升检测 一、动词不定式概念 动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。有些动词不定式不带to，动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。不定式保留动词的某些特性，可以有自己的宾语、状语等。动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语，叫做不定式短语.它不直接表达时态、人称或单复数,本身不受主语的人称和数的影响。 它可以像动词一样，带宾语： He wants to buy a car. ( a car 是 to buy 的宾语)带状语： She needs to study hard. ( hard 是修饰 to study 的状语)有语态（主动/被动）和时态（一般/进行/完成）的变化， 它在句子中可以充当除谓语动词以外的其他成分。 重点 重点 重点 二、动词不定式的形式及语态 主动语态一般式： to do 被动语态一般式： to be done ( The book needs to be read.) 主动语态进行式： to be doing ( He pretended to be sleeping.) 主动语态完成式： to have done ( I'm glad to have met you.) 被动语态完成式： to have been done ( The house seems to have been painted.) 重点 重点 重点 三、动词不定式在句子中的作用 作主语： To learn a new language is challenging. To erris human;to forgive divine. 常用形式： It is challenging to learn a new language. (用 it 作形式主语，将不定式后置更常见) 作宾语： 跟在某些及物动词后面。 I want to go home. He decided to quit his job. She hopes to see you soon. 常见动词： want, hope, decide, try, plan, agree, promise, learn, offer, refuse, manage, afford, pretend, seem, appear, begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer 等。 难点 作表语（主语补足语）： 位于系动词（主要是 be）之后，说明主语的内容或目的。 My dream is to travel around the world. The most important thing is to be happy. His goal was to win the championship. 作定语： 修饰名词或代词，通常放在被修饰词后面。 I have some homework to do. (要做的作业) She is the best person to ask for advice. (可以请教的最佳人选) There is nothing to worry about. (没什么可担心的) Give me a chair to sit on. (可以坐的椅子) 难点 作宾语补足语： 跟在某些及物动词的宾语后面，补充说明宾语的动作或状态。 I want you to come. (我想让你来。) He asked me to wait. (他叫我等着。) They told him to leave. (他们告诉他离开。) I saw him enter the room. (注意：在感官动词 see, hear, feel, watch, notice, observe 和使役动词 make, let, have 后，不定式要省略 to) 难点 四、不定式的特殊用法 疑问词+不定式 动词不定式可以与疑问代词who, whom, what, which, whose及疑问副词when, where, how等连用，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语等。 【易错提醒】why不能用于“疑问词+不定式”结构。 I didn’t know how I could get back to the village. =I didn’t know how to get back to the village. 难点 如：To eat one, you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 【解析】考查非 ... ...
