ID: 24081989

中考英语语法 情态动词(含解析)

日期:2025-12-17 科目:英语 类型:初中学案 查看:55次 大小:27247B 来源:二一课件通
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中考,英语,语法,情态,动词,解析
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中考英语语法 - 情态动词 一、情态动词的定义与分类 1.1 定义 情态动词是表示说话人的语气、态度或情感(如能力、许可、义务、推测、意愿等)的动词,具有以下核心特征: 1.不能单独作谓语,需与动词原形共同构成谓语(如:can speak, must finish); 2.没有人称和数的变化(如:He can swim / They can swim,无需变 “can” 为 “cans”); 3.否定形式通常在其后加 “not”(如:can→can't, must→mustn't)。 1.2 分类(中考高频类别) 类别 核心特征 中考高频情态动词 否定形式 中考高频例子 表能力 能 / 不能做某事 can, could can't, couldn't He can play basketball.(他会打篮球) She couldn't ride a bike last year.(去年她不会骑车) 表许可 可以 / 不可以做某事 may can could may not, can't You may use my pen.(你可以用我的笔) Could I borrow your book (我可以借你的书吗?) 表义务 / 必要 必须 / 不必 / 应该做某事 must have to should mustn't(禁止), don't have to, shouldn't We must follow the rules.(我们必须遵守规则) You don't have to come early.(你不必早来) 表推测 对事实的判断(肯定 / 否定) must, may, might, can't ——— He must be at home.(他一定在家)That can't be a cat.(那不可能是猫) 表意愿 / 请求 愿意做某事 / 请求他人做某事 will, would, shall won't, wouldn't I will help you.(我愿意帮你)Would you please open the door (请你开门好吗?) 表需要 需要 / 不必做某事 need(情态) needn't You needn't worry.(你不必担心) can,may,must是三个最重要的情态动词,它们的基本句型如下所示: 肯定句:主语+can,may,must+动词原形+…… 否定句:主语+can,may,must+not+动词原形+…… 疑问句:Can,May,Must+主语+动词原形+……? 二、情态动词的核心用法(中考高频考点) 2.1 can / could 用法 具体说明 例句 易错提示 表能力 can=“能,会”(现在时);could=“能,会”(过去时) = be able to(可以用于各种时态) He can(is able to) speak three languages.(现在) She could(was able to)dance well when she was 5.(过去) 表 “过去有能力但未做” 用 “could have done”, 如:I could have finished it, but I was busy.(我本可以完成,但我当时很忙) 表许可 can/could=“可以” (could 语气更委婉,不表过去) Can I go out (我可以出去吗?) Could you pass the salt (请递下盐好吗?) 回答 “Could I... ” 时,用 “can” 不用 “could”, 如:—Could I use your phone —Yes, you can.(不是 you could) 表推测 仅用于否定句和疑问句(“不可能 / 可能吗”) That can't be Tom. He's in Beijing.(不可能是汤姆) Can it be raining outside (外面可能在下雨吗?) 不能用于肯定句表推测,如:×He can be tired.(应为 He may be tired.) 2.2 must / have to 两者均表 “必须”,但核心区别是主观 vs 客观,是中考高频易错点: 对比维度 must(主观) have to(客观) 含义 说话人主观认为 “必须做”(强调意愿或规定) 因客观条件 “不得不做”(如规则、环境) 时态变化 无过去时(过去时用 had to) 有过去时(had to)、将来时(will have to) 否定形式 mustn't=“禁止”(绝对不能做) don't have to=“不必”(没必要做) 例句 You must study hard. 你必须努力学习 ——— 我认为 I have to go now. My mom is waiting. (我得走了 ——— 妈妈在等,客观) 疑问句回答 —Must I finish it now —No, you needn't /don't have to.(不必) —Do I have to wear a uniform —Yes, you do. ... ...

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