Module 8 被动语态 在上一模块中，我们学习了一般现在时的被动语态。现在我们学习一般过去时的被动语态。 我们先来看一下本模块中出现的有代表性的表示一般过去时被动语态的句子： Liu was encouraged at first to train for the high jump. 起初，刘（翔）被鼓励参加跳高训练。 Liu Xiang’s ability in hurdling was noticed by Sun Haiping. 刘翔的跨栏能力引起了孙海平的注意。 我们知道，被动语态的动词形式为“be + 动词的过去分词”，其中 be 为助动词，根据不同人称和时态有形式的变化。因此，一般过去时的被动语态的肯定句结构为： 主语 + was/were + 动词过去分词（+ by + 动作执行者） 一般现在时被动语态的各类句式在上一模块中已进行了总结，一般过去时被动语态的各类句式与之类似，在此不再赘述。 那么，encourage sb. to do sth., allow sb. to do sth. 等不定式作宾语补足语的结构在被动语态中如何处理呢？我们来对比一下其主动语态与被动语态形式： The school encouraged Liu Xiang to train for the high jump. 学校鼓励刘翔参加跳高训练。 Liu Xiang was encouraged (by the school) to train for the high jump. 刘翔被（学校）鼓励参加跳高训练。 可以看出，被动语态的句子是把主动语态中的宾语提到了主语位置，宾语补足语的位置则不变。应注意，这样的句子往往不会提到动作的执行者。这正是被动语态的特点：被动语态强调动作承受者，而不强调动作执行者。 习题部分 习题一：将下列主动语态句子改为被动语态 1. They built this house in 1990. 2. The teacher asked Tom a question. 3. My mother cleaned the room yesterday. 4. The company produced the cars last year. 5. He wrote the letter last night. 6. The workers repaired the bridge. 7. She cooked the dinner for us. 8. The dog bit the little boy. 9. They invited many friends to the party. 10. The storm destroyed the village. 习题二：将下列被动语态句子改为主动语态 1. The book was written by him. 2. The window was broken by the boy. 3. The song was sung by her. 4. The computer was used by us. 5. The flowers were watered by her. 6. The letters were delivered by the postman. 7. The windows were cleaned by the workers. 8. The cake was baked by my sister. 9. The news was reported by the journalist. 10. The problem was solved by the engineer. 习题三：用所给动词的正确形式填空（一般过去时被动语态） 1. The room _____ (clean) yesterday. 2. English _____ (teach) by Mr. Wang last term. 3. The food _____ (cook) by my father. 4. The books _____ (return) to the library last week. 5. The house _____ (paint) last year. 6. The song _____ (love) by many people. 7. The car _____ (wash) last Sunday. 8. The letter _____ (write) by Tom. 9. The problem _____ (solve) by the team. 10. The film _____ (watch) by millions. 习题四：将下列句子改为否定句（一般过去时被动语态） 1. The room was cleaned yesterday. 2. English was taught here. 3. The car was washed last week. 4. The letter was written by Tom. 5. The problem was solved by the team. 6. The film was watched by millions. 7. The house was painted last year. 8. The books were returned to the library. 9. The food was cooked by my father. 10. The song was loved by many. 习题五：将下列句子改为一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答 1. The room was cleaned yesterday. 2. English was ... ...
