
英语动词不定式全方位透彻讲解———专项训练&详解详析 一、形式多样:基本结构与形式大揭秘 1. 肯定式:to + 动词原形 I want to go to Beijing next Saturday. 表达“我想下周六去北京”。 2. 否定式:not + to do She decided not to have lunch at school. 意思是“她决定不在学校吃午饭。 3. 完成式:to have done(强调动作先于谓语发生) He seems to have known the truth. 他似乎已经知道了真相,突出动作的先后顺序。 4. 被动式:to be done(表被动) The building is said to be built next year.表明“据说这座大楼明年将被建造”,体现被动含义。 二、身兼数职:句法功能全解析 1. 动词不定式作主语 To answer the question is difficult for us. 这种情况下常用形式主语it替代,变为It is difficult to answer the question. ※、动词不定式作主语过长,显得句子“头重脚轻”,用形式主语“It”来代替,使句子更符合英语表达习惯。 2. 作宾语: 有一类动词常接不定式作宾语 agree(同意)、decide(决定)、hope(希望)、refuse(拒绝)等。 My friend decided to learn English online . She hopes to be a doctor in the future. He promised to help me with English . 3. 疑问词 + 不定式(what、how、where + to do) 当我们不确定怎么做某事时,就可以用这种结构。 I don't know how to solve this problem我不知道如何解决这个问题 Mother doesn't know what to do(妈妈不知道该做什么)。 4. 作表语:说明主语的内容或目的 His wish is to see his grandchildren. 他的愿望是见到他的孙子孙女. My wish is to be a teacher. 我的愿望是成为一名教师。(清晰表明主语的意图)。 5. 作定语:后置修饰名词,表“需要做某事”或“未来的动作” I have some clothes to wash. 我有一些衣服要洗。 He is the teacher to teach me maths . 他是教我数学的老师。(对名词进行补充说明) 6. 作状语 表目的: I study hard to pass the exam. 为了通过考试而努力学习,表明学习的目的。 表结果:He woke up to find it is dark. 醒来后发现天黑了,体现一种意料之外的结果。 表原因:She smiled to see her mother .看到妈妈所以微笑,解释微笑的原因。 7. 作补语 宾语补足语: The teacher asked us to write the sentences. 老师要求我们做写句子这个动作。 8.主语补足语(被动语态中): The old man was told to come back soon .老人被要求尽快回来。 三、细节把控:特殊用法与注意事项 1. 省略to的情况 感官/使役动词后(see, hear, make, let等): She made him clean the room .她让他打扫房间。 Let us go home让我们回家. 固定短语(如had better, would rather): You had better have dinner at home.你最好在家吃晚饭 You had better finish your homework.你最好完成你的作业。 一 独立结构,固定短语作插入语: To be honest, I don’t like this movie.说实话,我不喜欢这部电影 。 To tell the truth, I forgot your name .说实话,我忘了你的名字。 2. 与动名词的区别 不定式常表目的、未来或具体动作;动名词表习惯、抽象或已完成动作。 She likes swimming . 她喜欢游泳,这是一种爱好,表习惯。 I like to swim this afternoon .我今天下午想去游泳,是一个具体的计划。 3. 逻辑主语明确时:用“for sb. to do”结构 It’s difficult for beginners to understand. 对于初学者来说,理解起来很难。 四、考试聚焦:高频考点梳理 1. 使役动词(make/let/have)后常省略to,这是考试中常见的考点。 2. stop/remember/forget等动词后接不定式与动名词意义不同。 Stop to rest(停下手中正在 ... ...
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