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课件网) Infinitives 不定式 To learn about and practise infinitives. Read each sentence and underline the infinitive. Does it function as a subject (主语), object (宾语)，predicative (表语)，attribute (定语)，adverbial (状语) or object complement (宾语补足语)？ 1 My mum keeps telling me to go out with my school friends instead. 2 It’s important to meet friends in person from time to time, not just on social media. object complement subject （it 作形式主语） 3 When I set out to do something, I do my best to achieve it. 4 My target is to prepare myself for my degree in biology at university. 5 Li Ying is the first person to join the volunteering club in her class. object adverbial predicative attribute 后置定语（修饰 the first person） 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing 一、动词不定式的形式 不定式的否定式是 not to + 动词。 动词不定式 二、动词不定式的作用 1. 作主语 1) 动词不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。 2) 形式主语it代替动词不定式作先行主语 It + be + 形容词 (+ for/of引起的短语) + 动词不定式 It + be + 名词 + 动词不定式 It + 动词 + 宾语 + 动词不定式 e.g. To learn a language well, you must make great efforts. It’s so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy. It’s a great pleasure to have been working with you. It usually takes me 20 minutes to get home by bus. 2. 作宾语 常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有: agree、aim、arrange、 choose、decide、demand、desire、determine、expect、 fail、intend、learn、plan、manage、offer、prepare、 pretend、promise、refuse、wish等。 e.g. She’s promised to do all she can to help. We determined to leave at once. My dad has offered to pick us up. 3. 作表语 动词不定式作表语， 常用来说明主语的具体内容。 e.g. Our main task now is to improve the quality of the products. Her wish is to be studying the language in England. 4. 作定语 1) 作定语的动词不定式与它所修饰的名词或代词在逻辑上可能是主谓关系， 也可能是动宾关系。 2) 名词前有only、 last、 next、序数词或形容词的最高级时， 其后常用动词不定式作定语。 e.g. Mr. Li has a strange way to make his classes lively and interesting. I don't think he is the best one to do the work. 5. 作状语 1) 原因状语。 2) 目的状语。 3) 结果状语：“only +动词不定式” 结构表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的结果。 4) 句子状语， 如： to tell the truth、 to begin with等。 e.g. I was a fool not to listen to you at that time. I went home a bit early to catch the beginning of the programme. She turned up the driveway, only to find her way blocked. 6. 作补语 感官动词和使役动词后常接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语， 但用于被动语态时， 需把to补出来 e.g. I saw him change the wheel of his car. You may take a horse to the water, but you can't make him drink. One visitor was heard to remark something about the entrance fee. The prisoners are made to dig holes and fill them in again. 三、其他用法 在特定动词后，不定式 ... ...
