精选外刊语法填空练习3 一 Why Men Often Have Shorter Lives Than Women A recent study offers an evolutionary explanation for why males often die younger than females. Researchers examined over 1,100 species and found a clear pattern: intense (1) _____ (compete) for mates is a key reason why males tend (2) _____ (have)shorter lifespans. In many mammal species, males compete fiercely for females. This competition, involving fights or displays, rewards strong, bold individuals. However , (3) _____ also comes with high energy costs and risks of injury, contributing (4) _____ their shorter lives. On average, female mammals live 12% longer than males. Birds, however, often tell a different story. Many bird species (5) _____ (be)monogamous, with males and females forming long-term bonds. In these cases, males often live (6) _____ (long) than females. But in bird species where males compete for multiple mates, the male's lifespan advantage decreases or disappears. Another factor is genetics. In mammals, females have two X chromosomes, (7) _____ acts as a genetic backup. Males have one X and one Y chromosome, (8) _____ (make) them more vulnerable to genetic defects. This biological difference also contributes to the lifespan gap. Even in safe environments like zoos, this difference (9) _____ （persist）. For humans, this might mean the longevity gap, where women (10) _____ (current)outlive men, is deeply rooted in our evolutionary history. 二 Hungarian Writer Wins Nobel Prize in Literature The Hungarian writer Laszlo Krasznahorkai (1) _____ (award) the Nobel Prize in Literature. The Swedish Academy praised his work for "reaffirming the power of art." Krasznahorkai, 71, is famous (2) _____ his unique writing style, which often features very long sentences and explores dark, visionary themes. One of his most famous novels, "The Melancholy of Resistance," is written in a single sentence that spans over 300 pages. He once stated that he wanted to create an "absolutely original" style and be free from the influence of his literary (3) _____(ancestor). His breakthrough came with his first novel, "Satantango," published in 1985. In recent years, he (4) _____ (receive) significant international recognition. For example, he won the Man Booker International Prize in 2015 for his entire body of work. The Nobel committee has been trying in recent years to honor writers from more (5) _____ （diversity）backgrounds. This follows criticism that (6) _____ vast majority of past winners were men from Europe or North America. Last year's winner was the South Korean author Han Kang, (7) _____ best-known work is "The Vegetarian." Before this year's (8) _____ (announce), Krasznahorkai and Chinese writer Can Xue were considered the top contenders for the prize. The award is typically seen as the highest honor in literature and is often the capstone of a writer's career. Through his compelling and unique voice, Krasznahorkai's award continues the tradition of (9) _____ (recognize) ... ...
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