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课件网) 独立主格结构 一、Definition 独立主格结构是一个由“名词/代词+非谓语动词/形容词/副词/介词短语等”构成的特殊结构 它在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随状况 独立：它拥有自己的逻辑主语（即结构开头的名词或代词），这个主语与句子的主语不同。因此，它在结构上不依附于主句的主语，是“独立”的 主格：这个逻辑主语采用的是主格形式（如果是代词，则用I，he，she，they等主格，而不用me，him，her，th等宾格） 独立主格=自带主语的状语 eg: The ceremony over, we went home directly. eg: He being absent, the meeting had to be postponed. 名词/代词+非谓语动词/形容词/副词/介词短语 二、基本结构 1、名词/代词+现在分词（-ing），表示主动或动作正在进行 eg：Weather permitting, we will go hiking tomorrow. eg: Time allowing, I wil finish the report today. 2、名词/代词+过去分词（-ed），表示被动或完成的时态 eg: The work finished, we went home. eg: His leg badly hurt, he had to be carried to the hospital. 3、名词/代词+不定式（to do），表将来或目的 eg: Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month. 4、名词/代词+形容词，描述主语的状态 eg: He entered the room, his face pale with fear. eg: The floor wet and slippery, we had to walk carefully. 5、名词/代词+副词 eg: The meeting over, everyone left. eg: Lights off, he went to sleep. 6、名词/代词+介词短语，提供背景或伴随信息 eg: The teacher came in, a book in his hand. eg: The children ran out of the classroom, laughter on their faces. 三、独立主格结构的功能：作状语，时间、原因、条件、伴随 时间：The homework done, the students played video games. 原因：The rain having ruined her hat, she had to buy a new one. 条件：Weather permitting, the picnic will be held as scheduled. 伴随：She sat at the desk, her eyes fixed on the letter. 四、独立主格结构 vs 状语从句 eg: After the work was finished, we went home. eg: The work finished, we went home. 独立主格结构省略了连接词（after）和谓语动词（was），只保留了逻辑主语和表示状态的核心成分，使表达更简洁、生动、书面化。 五、with 的复合结构（with 的独立主格结构） 基本形式：with+宾语+宾语补足语 作状语，表示伴随、时间、原因、条件、方式等 with+宾语+非谓语/形容词/副词/介词短语/名词 1、with+宾语+现在分词（-ing） 宾语是动作的执行者，且该动作正在进行或与主句动作同时发生 eg：With the guide leading the way, we found the village easily. eg: I can’t concentrate with you watching me like that. 2、with+宾语+过去分词（-ed） 表示宾语是动作的承受者，且该动作已经完成或表示被动关系 eg: With the work finished, we all felt relieved. eg: He stood there, with his hands tied behind his back. 3、with+宾语+动词不定式（to do） 表示即将发生的动作，有“待完成”的含义 eg：With so much work to do, I can’t go on holiday. eg: He is the right person with whom to discuss the matter. 4、with+宾语+形容词, 形容词作宾补，表示宾语的状态 eg：He slept well, with the window open. eg: Don’t talk with your mouth full. 5、with+宾语+副词,副词作宾补，表示状态 eg: The boy stood there, with his head down. eg: With all the lights on, the hall was as bright as day. ... ...
