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课件网) 高考英语 重点语法思维导图 专题十三 特殊句式 01 1.表示地点、时间、方式、方位的介词短语或副词here, there, now, then, up, down, away, off, in, out 等置于句首，句子谓语动词是不及物动词或系动词且主语是名词时，句子要完全倒装。其谓语动词通常不带助动词和情态动词。若以上句子的主语为代词时，句子就不用倒装。 2.such或一些作表语的形容词放在句首。 3.有时为了强调，可将句中的非谓语动词（动词-ing形式、过去分词或动词不定式）置于句首，构成完全倒装。 In the box were some cats. Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man with great achievements. Standing beside the table was his wife. 完全倒装 02 1. only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句在句首时，句子要部分倒装。 2. 含有否定意义的副词或介词短语放在句首时，句子要部分倒装。常见的副词有never, nowhere, scarcely, little, seldom, rarely, hardly等。常见短语有in no way, in no case, at no time, by no means, in no sense, under no circumstances, on no account等。 3. 常见的否定倒装句型有hardly/scarcely ... when ..., no sooner ... than ..., not only ... but also ..., neither ... nor ..., not until ...。 4. “so/nor/neither+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”表示前面叙述的情况也适用于另一个人或物，意为“也；同样；也如此”。但当so表示对前句内容的肯定、进一步强调或赞同时，应用正常的陈述语序，意为“的确；正是”。 5. 比较级句型“the+比较级 ...，the+比较级 ...”表达“越……越……”之意。 部分倒装 03 1. 在动词不定式中，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式中的动词，只保留to，常见的词或结构有expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish, need, be glad, be happy, be pleased, be delighted, be sure, be afraid, be certain, be likely, be ready等。 2. 感官动词（see, feel, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to等）和使役动词（let, make, have等）后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时省略to，但在被动式中不能省（let除外）。 3. 如果动词不定式含有be动词或是完成式，则须在to后加上be或have。 I asked him to see the film, but he didn't want to. I see you put the key in your pocket. — Are you a college student — No, but I want to be. 不定式的省略 03 4. 介词but意为“除了”，后接动词不定式，但如果but前面有行为动词do, does, did时，but后的动词不定式去掉to。 5. 动词不定式作表语，主语部分中出现了行为动词do, does, did时，作表语的动词不定式一般省略to。 6. 两个及两个以上动词不定式并列，后面的to可省略，第一个to不能省略。 I could do nothing but wait patiently. What we must do is （to） protect the environment. My mother's job is to look after the baby and clean the house. 不定式的省略 04 It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分 1. 强调人时可用who/that来连接，强调其他时用that。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语和状语，但不能是定语或谓语。 2. 强调句的一般疑问句只需把is/was提前。 3. 强调句的特殊疑问句要在句首加上与被强调部分对应的特殊疑问词，并把is/was提前。 4. not ... until ...的强调句形式：It is/was not until ... +that+其他成分。 It is I who/that am right. （强调主语） It was him that/who we met at the school gate. （强调宾语） It was because her mother was ill that she didn't go to work. （强调状语 ... ...
